Extraction and Cleanup of Organochlorine, Organophosphate, Organonitrogen, and Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Produce for Determination by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Luke, Milton A.; Froberg, Jerry E.; Masumoto, Herbert T

doi:10.1093/jaoac/58.5.1020

Cited by 135 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…In the analytical method, extraction of residues was done with organic solvent, and further purification of the extract was done using column chromatography. Quantification of residues was carried out with gas chromatographs, Agilent 6890 and HP 5890, equipped with ECD and NPD detectors (Luke et al, 1975(Luke et al, , 1981Ambrus et al, 1981;Sadło, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Pesticide Residue Occurrence in Fruit from the South-Eastern Region of Poland During 2010-2011 Seasons

Słowik‐Borowiec

Szpyrka

Kurdziel

et al. 2012

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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seasons, analyses of 171 samples of fresh fruit from the south-eastern region of Poland were performed. The research program included the determination of 137 (in 2010) to 152 (in 2011) active substances, together with their metabolites and decomposition products. The analytical methods used in the research were gas chromatography (GC/ECD/NPD) and spectrophotometry (to determine residues of dithiocarbamates). The results were compared with Poland's allowed maximum residue levels (MRLs).Residues of active plant protection product substances were detected in 85 samples (50%), while 7 (4%) samples had exceeded the MRLs.Violations of MRLs were mainly concerned with the following group of insecticides: cypermethrin (in black currant), esfenwalerate (in raspberry), and the fungicides: propiconazole, and difenoconazole (in gooseberries).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Pesticide Residue Occurrence in Fruit from the South-Eastern Region of Poland During 2010-2011 Seasons

Słowik‐Borowiec

Szpyrka

Kurdziel

et al. 2012

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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“…As a fundamental MRM, organochlorine pesticide analysis in foodstuffs (fruits and vegetables) was developed in 1963 using acetonitrile and petroleum ether (Mills, Onley, & Gaither, 1963). To analyse pesticides with greater polarity than the organochlorines, Luke, Froberg, and Masumoto (1975) developed an acetonedependent method followed by the use of dichloromethane and petroleum ether, partitioning and clean-up with florisil. An acetone-based extraction method was also developed in 1983 by the Dutch Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority -Food Inspection Service (General Inspectorate for Health Protection, 1996), which recommended pesticide monitoring over a 25 year period (Grimalt & Dehouck, 2016).…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Farha

El‐Aty

Rahman

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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The category of 'leafy vegetables' comprises a wide range of plants, including cabbage, lettuce, leeks, spinach, Swiss chard and kale, and it forms a significant component of the human diet. Typically, leafy vegetables are low in calories and fat, are great sources of vitamins, protein, dietary fibre and minerals (including iron, calcium, and nitrates), and are rich in phytochemicals. To counter the impact of pests on vegetables, a broad variety of pesticides are used. Because of their large surface areas, leafy vegetables are expected to have high residual pesticide levels. As such, a sound analytical approach is needed to detect and quantify residue levels that are equal to or lower than the maximum residue limits, thus rendering the products safe for consumption. Overall, leafy vegetables consumed raw (after a tap water wash only), boiled or steamed contribute 2% of total vegetable consumption globally, and they might have a comparatively greater influence on health than cereal ingestion. Consequently, in this review paper, we highlight the importance of leafy vegetables, the pesticides that are commonly used on them and various analytical techniques, including sample preparation, extraction, clean-up and final detection. The effects on dissipation patterns, pre-harvest residue limits and safety/risks imposed by various pesticides are also reviewed and discussed. In conclusion, environmentally friendly extraction methods coupled with high-throughput techniques with greater reproducibility and lower uncertainty are needed for quantifying residues in leafy vegetables at very low concentrations. Commercial and household food preparation, such as washing, peeling, blanching and cooking are effective in removing most of the pesticide residues that are loosely attached on vegetables.

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“…The earliest developed procedure for residual pesticide determination in foodstuffs was the method based on extraction of pesticide residues by acetone, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate followed by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane, light petroleum or dichloromethane-light petroleum and clean-up on an adsorbent (Florisil and Alumina) or with silica or gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The methods based on acetone as a solvent in the initial extraction step and non-polar solvents (dichloromethane or dichloromethane-petroleum ether) used to remove water in the liquid-liquid partitioning step were described by Luke et al (2) and Specht and Tilkes (3). In these two methods, solid sodium chloride was added to force more acetone into the organic layer and to increase the organic phase polarity and the yield of polar pesticides (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of multiresidue pesticides in dried hops by LC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction together with dSPE clean-up

2018

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A simple and selective method is reported for the simultaneous determination of 48 fungicide, insecticide and herbicide residues in hops by LC–MS/MS. The extraction of pesticide residues from the hop matrix was conducted by a method based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation approach in combination with dispersive solid‐phase extraction using various sorbent blends consisting of primary–secondary amine, C18 and zirconia based sorbents. The matrix effect of all applied sorbent blends was evaluated. The results showed that the QuEChERS method required further optimization of the dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleaning step owing to co‐extraction of matrix components such as chlorophyll and hop resins. These contaminants resulted in signal suppression, elevated background, and other negative matrix effects. The accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were evaluated. The recovery ranged from 70 to 120% for most of the pesticides and RSD was <20% for all pesticides. The limit of quantification was estimated at 0.02 mg/kg or, in the worst cases, 0.05 mg/kg. The results meet the European Commission standard legislation, implying that this method is both accurate and reproducible. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

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Extraction and Cleanup of Organochlorine, Organophosphate, Organonitrogen, and Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Produce for Determination by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 135 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the Pesticide Residue Occurrence in Fruit from the South-Eastern Region of Poland During 2010-2011 Seasons

Assessment of the Pesticide Residue Occurrence in Fruit from the South-Eastern Region of Poland During 2010-2011 Seasons

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Analysis of multiresidue pesticides in dried hops by LC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction together with dSPE clean-up

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