Extraction and determination of flavonoids in fruit juices and vegetables using Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles modified with mixed hemi/ad‐micelle cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Extraction and determination of three flavonoids (morin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were performed by dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction based on mixed hemi/ad-micelles and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanoparticles coated with mixed hemi/ad-micelles cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide was applied as a sorbent and used for extraction of flavonoids. Effective parameters on the extraction recovery such as amount of magnetic nano particles, volume of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide solution with specific concentration, pH of sample solution, adsorption equilibrium time, volume of desorption solvent, and desorption times were evaluated and optimized using fractional factorial design and central composite design. Under the optimum condition limit of detection and linearity were 0.83, 2.7-500.0 for morin, 0.18, 0.7-500.0 for quercetin and, 0.37, 1.3-500.0 µg/L for kaempferol. The extraction recovery with relative standard deviation were 97.88, 1.94 for morin, 95.77, 0.80 for quercetin, and 93.35, 1.45 for kaempferol. The proposed method was applied for simultaneous extraction and determination of flavonoids in several fruit juices and vegetable samples.

Applying Four-Steps Characteristic Ion Filtering with HPLC-QE Orbitrap MS Approach to Rapid Characterize Compound Structure s and Determine Major Representative Components in Modified Tabusen-2 Decoction

“…Although the isolation and puri cation before biological activity evaluation is a traditional strategy of exploring material basis in TMM, the time-consuming and labor intensive characteristics cannot be neglected. Ultraviolet (UV) detector is exceedingly common for avanoids, phenylpropanines, and other UVabsorbing compounds [29], while is not applicable to the analysis of saponin. Although the detection of saponin could be enabled by evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), the sensitivity during the test procedure should also be aware of [30].…”

Applying Four-Step Characteristic Ion Filtering with HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS Spectrometer Approach for Rapid Compound Structures Characterization and Major Representative Components Quantification in Modified Tabusen-2 Decoction

“…Although the isolation and purification before biological activity evaluation are a traditional strategy of exploring material basis in TMM, the time-consuming and labor-intensive characteristics cannot be neglected. In quantitative experiments, Ultraviolet (UV) detector is exceedingly common for flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other UV-absorbing compounds [32], while it is not applicable to the analysis of saponin. Although the detection of saponin could be enabled by evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), the sensitivity during the test procedure should also be taken into account [33].…”

Air-Assisted Alkanol-Based Nanostructured Supramolecular Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Morin in Fruit and Beverage Samples

“…Some plants, vegetables, fruits, beverages, and food samples are rich with respect to flavonoids (Kokulnathan et al 2018 ; Jiang et al 2008 ). Flavonoids are beneficial for some diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and rheumatoid arthritis (Sani et al 2020 ; Chen and Chen 2013 ; Scalbert et al 2005 ). There are many pharmaceutical samples containing flavonoids in the markets.…”

“…Direct determination of morin in fruit and beverage samples by using spectrophotometer is difficult due to the low detection limit of the instrument and the matrix effect. Various separation and preconcentration methods such as hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (Hadjmohammadi et al 2013 ), ultrasound extraction (Qiao et al 2011 ), solid-phase microextraction (Majidi and Hadjmohammadi 2019 ), ionic liquid dispersive microextraction (Altunay et al 2019 ), deep eutectic solvent extraction (Nia and Hadjmohammadi 2019 ), dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (Sani et al 2020 ), and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (AA-LLME) (Farajzadeh and Mogaddam 2012 ) have been reported in the literature for increase the sensitivity of the instrument and decrease the matrix effects.…”