Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography

Xiong, Chaomei; Ruan, Jinlan; Cai, Yangyang; Tang, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.036

Cited by 138 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the current method, tizanidine was extracted from plasma using liquid extraction which is extensively for determination of low drug concentrations in biological fluids (Ciccolini et al, 2001;Esrafili et al, 2007;Xiong et al, 2009). Gan et al (2002) developed and validated the estimation of tramadol in human plasma using HPLC followed by liquid-liquid extraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of tizanidine in human plasma

Ali¹,

Shoaib²,

Yousuf³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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A simple and cost effective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for determination of tizanidine in human plasma using liquid extraction technique. The assay of tizanidine was performed after extraction of drug from plasma using diethyl ether as extraction solvent. The isocratic elution was performed in Agilent, Zorbax SB-C 18 , 4.6 × 150 mm column maintained at 30°C with mobile phase containing acetonitrile and ammonium acetate in a ratio of 15:85 v/v, respectively. The linear relationship was found within the concentration range of 0.25 to 8 ng/ml, with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detector wavelength of 230 nm. The evaluated validation parameters were found within the acceptable range. Use of simple HPLC technique with short retention time makes this method a convenient choice for assay of tizanidine in human plasma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of tizanidine in human plasma

Ali¹,

Shoaib²,

Yousuf³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…A mixture consisting of the organic and the disperser solvent is rapidly and vigorously injected in the aqueous sample, which contains the target analytes. For this purpose a syringe is used [24]. As a result, a cloudy solution is formed, which is supposed to be stable for a specific time.…”

Section: Liquid Phase Microextraction For the Determination Of Antipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absolute recoveries were between 96% and 101%, the limit of detection was 3 ng/mL, while the limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The developed method was efficiently applied to urine samples obtained from patients to estimate and personalize the drug dose [24].…”

Section: Dllme For the Determination Of Antipsychotic Drugs In Biologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Microextraction Techniques of Antipsychotics in Biological Fluids Prior to Liquid Chromatography Analysis

2017

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Antipsychotic drugs are a class of psychiatric medication worldwide used to treat psychotic symptoms principally in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other psycho-organic disorders. The traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phase extraction (SPE), which were widely used, tend to have many drawbacks because they include complicated, time-consuming steps and they require large sample size as well large amounts of organic solvent. Therefore, due to the modern analytical requirements, such as miniaturization, automation and reduction of solvent volume and time, many microextraction procedures have been developed. In this review we aim to present an overview of those techniques which are used prior to liquid chromatography analyses both for forensic toxicology in different biological matrices as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring.

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“…Among the methods, voltammetry [8][9][10] and conventional high performance liquid chromatography 11,12 are most often used. Supercritical fluid chromatography 13 and HPLC combined with other techniques [14][15][16][17][18] were reported for determination of TRH and its main metabolites or derivatives. Chemiluminescence 19 , electrophoresis 20 , spectrofluorimetric 21,22 and spectrophotometry [23][24][25][26] have been also reported for the determination of thioridazine hydrochloride.…”

Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Selective Spectrophotometry Methods for the Determination of Thioridazine Hydrochloride in Tablets and in Biological Fluids

El‐Didamony

Moustafa

2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Two simple, rapid and selective spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the analysis of the psychoactive drug thioridazine HCl (TRH) in tablets and in biological fluids. The first method is based on the oxidation of TRH by a known excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), followed by the determination of unreacted oxidants by measuring the decrease in absorbance of two different dyes; amaranth (AM) and methylene blue (MB) at a suitable l max 520 and 660 nm, respectively. Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges of 0.8-4.8 and 0.8-5.6 µg/ml for AM and MB methods, respectively. The second method is based upon the formation of an ion-pair complexes (1: 1) with the acidic sulphonphthalein dyes bromophenol blue (BPB) and bromothymol blue (BTB). The formed complexes were extracted into methylene chloride and their absorbance was measured at 405 and 408 nm for BPB and BTB, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9995-0.9989) in the concentration ranges of 4 -24 µg/ml for both BPB and BTB methods, respectively. All measurements of the two procedures are carried out in an acidic medium at room temperature. Optimizations of the different experimental conditions are described for both methods. The two methods have been successfully applied to the determination of thioridazine HCl in pharmaceutical, serum and urine samples and average recoveries are in the range of 98.12 -102.55%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are satisfactory.

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Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 138 publications

References 24 publications

Development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of tizanidine in human plasma

Development and validation of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of tizanidine in human plasma

Recent Advances in Microextraction Techniques of Antipsychotics in Biological Fluids Prior to Liquid Chromatography Analysis

Two Selective Spectrophotometry Methods for the Determination of Thioridazine Hydrochloride in Tablets and in Biological Fluids

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