Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

Abstract

This work aimed to extract perfume from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using three extraction methods viz: distillation, solvent extraction and expression or effleurage. About 150 g of dried lemons grass were extracted using ethanol as the solvent to obtain essential oils required for the formulation of perfumes. The result of the hydrodistillation process showed that 1.23 g of essential oil per 130g of dry lemongrass produce 0.95% oil at 78 °C, while the effleurage method was 2.55 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample thereby producing 1.96% oil yield. The solvent extraction method gave 2.7 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample. This gives about 2.08 % yield of essential oil at a temperature of 78°C i.e. the boiling point of ethanol. The solvent extraction method yielded 2.08%, the effleuragemethod yielded 1.96% and the hydrodistillation method yielded 0.95% essential oil respectively. In conclusion, solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of less exposure to air and heat, which is highly recommended as the most suitable method for the extraction of essential oil.

Phytochemical Contents of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Species: A Tropical Medicinal Plant

“…The use of this simple technique for extraction of LGEO has been reported [47,48]. Hydrodistillation yields less oil because incomplete oil extraction takes place due to a variable rate of distillation caused by heat [49].…”

Insights into chemistry, extraction and industrial application of lemon grass essential oil -A review of recent advances

“… US-MAHD yields higher citronella oil than UAE and MAHD ( Sarah et al, 2023 ) MAHD Raw material: 100 g Time: 90 min Solvent extraction method, and For solvent extraction method: Raw material: 130 g lemongrass Solvent: 600 ml of n-hexane Time: 24 h water bath:78 °C . Solvent extraction: 2.08% oil yield Effleurage method For effleurage method: Raw material: 130 g lemongrass Solvent: 70 ml of light-flavored olive oil Time: 24 h at room temperature water bath: 78 °C Effleurage method: 1.96% oil yield ( Ameh, Achika, Bello, & Owolaja, 2021 ) Hydro-distillation Method For Hydro-distillation Method: Raw material: 130 g lemongrass Solvent: 250 ml of distilled water Hydro-distillation method: 0.95% oil yield Maceration Raw material: 3 g lemongrass leaves powder Solvents: C 2 H 6 O and C 3 H 6 O, at two concentrations (50% and 70%) at 40 °C shaking water bath speed: 9 and at temperature of 40 °C for 24 h. Centrifuged: 10 min at 5000 rpm. Maceration: 20.3% oil yield ( Irfan et al, 2022 ) Ultra-sonication Raw materials: 3 g lemongrass powder Solvents: C 2 H 6 O & C 3 H 6 O, at the two solvent concentrations (50% and 70%), for 60 min, Frequency: 35 kHz.…”

Optimization of Essential Oil Production from <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> in Vietnam by Hydro-Distillation

“…The technical extraction method is the most important factor affecting the yield, quality, and bioactive composition of obtained essential oil. The extraction methods have been known, such as solvent extraction [14], steam distillation [4][5]15], mechanical expression, hydro-distillation [5,8,16], and ultrasound or microwave assisted-hydrodistillation [2,8,[17][18]. Among these mentioned methods, steam and/or hydrodistillation have been the most popular, simplest, and cheapest extraction methods used for plant essential oil production.…”

“…Among these mentioned methods, steam and/or hydrodistillation have been the most popular, simplest, and cheapest extraction methods used for plant essential oil production. The reason is that hydro-distillation-based techniques have been widely applied for plant essential oil production on an industrial scale [4][5]16,19]. In particular, the method only uses water and heat to produce purified oils from diverse plant matrices under moderate temperature and pressure conditions without using chemicals or organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, hexane, methanol), which is superior to supercritical fluid technologies [5].…”