Extraction and Quantification of Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Vitamins from Halophyte Biomasses

Abstract

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants, and they have been utilised as healthy, nutritious vegetables and medicinal herbs. Various studies have shown halophytes to be rich in health-beneficial compounds with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic properties. Despite their potential, these plants are still underutilised in agriculture and industrial applications. This review includes the state-of-the-art literature concerning the contents of proanthocyanidins (also known as condensed tannins), total phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and vitamins in various halophyte biomasses. Various extraction and analytical methods are also considered. The study shows that various species have exhibited potential for use not only as novel food products but also in the production of nutraceuticals and as ingredients for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Bioactive Extracts from Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods Biorefinery as a Source of Ingredients for High-Value Industries

“…The concentration of total carotenoids in Salicornia spp. varies between different studies [ 16 ], and all obtained results lay within the range of reported results. Carotenoids are non-enzymatic antioxidants produced in response to different stressors [ 67 ].…”

“…Due to adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and a high natural defence against predators and pests, Salicornia spp. produce high concentrations of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids, flavanols, flavones, and flavanones [ 3 , 15 , 16 ]. These metabolites have reported health-beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities [ 7 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…Botanical extracts or bioactive compounds with different purities could be used in different commercial areas, including nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics [ 16 , 23 , 24 ]. These are high-value industries, and the market size of nutraceuticals is forecasted to reach USD 650.5 billion by 2030.…”

Salicornia emerici Duval-Jouve and Sarcocornia alpini (Lag.) Rivas Mart. from Southern Tunisia: Potential Sources of Functional Ingredients with Nutritional and Health Promoting Benefits

“…To adapt to harsh environmental conditions, particularly high levels of salinity and UV exposure, halophytes produce signi cant amounts of bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, avonoids, and tannins [18,50,51]. These compounds exhibit a wide range of health bene ts, including antioxidant, anti-in ammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic activities [50,[52][53][54][55].…”

Cultivation and characterisation of Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum biomass for green biorefinery applications

“…High-value bioactive compounds suitable for cosmetics and pharmaceutical ingredients can also be found from Salicornia spp. 27 , 29 – 32 , Tripolium pannonicum 33 , 34 and Crithmum maritimum 35 , 36 extracts, and these compounds have exhibited antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, anti-obesity properties, and even cancer-preventing capabilities.…”