Extraction and quantitation of various potassium salts in straw ash

Wang, Yibin; Wang, Xuebin; Tan, Houzhang; Du, Wenbo; Qu, Xiaodi

doi:10.1002/ep.11988

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The content of sulfur and nitrogen in biomass is low, and the emission of SOx and NOx in the combustion process is less, which contributes to good emission characteristics. After combustion, there is less Processes 2024, 12, 1022 2 of 16 ash, and the generated ash contains a large amount of organic potassium salt, which can be used to recover and extract potash fertilizer, greatly reducing the sites of ash stacking and reducing the cost of ash disposal and resource waste [8]. Therefore, based on the advantages of low cost, low risk, and high efficiency of biomass, biomass power generation is one of the most promising utilization technologies and can generate efficient and clean electric energy by direct combustion or gasification after simple treatment of collected biomass as raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Peanut Shell for Its Bioenergy Valorization

Lei,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Processes

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To realize the utilization of peanut shell, this study investigates the combustion behavior, chemical kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of peanut shell using TGA under atmospheric air at the heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 K/min. Results indicate that increasing the heating rate leads to higher ignition, burnout, and peak temperatures, as observed in the TG/DTG curves shifting to the right. Analysis of combustion performance parameters suggest that higher heating rates can enhance combustion performances. Kinetic analysis using two model-free methods, KAS and FWO, shows that the activation energy (Eα) ranges from 93.30 to 109.65 kJ/mol for FWO and 89.72 to 103.88 kJ/mol for KAS. The data fit well with coefficient of determination values (R2) close to 1 and the mean squared error values (MSE) less than 0.006. Pre-exponential factors using FWO range from 2.19 × 106 to 8.08 × 107 s–1, and for KAS range from 9.72 × 105 to 2.25 × 107 s–1. Thermodynamic analysis indicates a low-energy barrier (≤±6 kJ/mol) between activation energy and enthalpy changes, suggesting easy reaction initiation. Furthermore, variations in enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) upon conversion (α) suggest that peanut shell combustion is endothermic and non-spontaneous, with the generation of more homogeneous or well-ordered products as combustion progresses. These findings offer a theoretical basis and data support for the further utilization of agricultural biomass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Peanut Shell for Its Bioenergy Valorization

Lei,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…In recent years, global interest in recovering K from biomass ash has been increasing. For example, K in different forms has been successfully recovered from rice, 18 wheat straw, 19 husk coffee waste, 4 and tropical fruit waste (e.g., empty palm fruit bunches, banana peels, and corncobs 20 ash). By contrast, there is a limited study 21 on the recovery of Mn from biomass ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Separation and Recovery of Manganese and Potassium from Biomass Ash by Solvent Extraction

et al. 2022

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Manganese (Mn) is considered an important, energy-critical metal due to its leading role in the production of electrochemical energy storage devices. One valuable source of Mn is hyperaccumulator plants used for the phytoremediation of contaminated soil. In this study, stems and leaves of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ), which accumulate Mn at moderate levels (∼0.2 wt %) and potassium (K) at high levels (>5 wt %), were analyzed to assess the potential of recovering metals from this plant. The extraction behaviors of Mn and K were studied using raw and ash samples (100–600 °C). It was crucial to set an appropriate incineration temperature (300 °C) to selectively extract K (∼96%) and Mn (∼90%) using water and nitric acid over two consecutive steps. Additionally, citric acid, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solvent, was just as effective (∼85%) as nitric acid in extracting Mn. X-ray absorbance near-edge spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the ash before and after extractions were applied to elucidate the extraction mechanism. The results revealed that selective extraction of both compounds was possible due to the change in the oxidative state of Mn(II) (soluble in water) into Mn(III) and Mn(IV) (insoluble in water) during sample incineration. Simultaneously, there were complex reactions associated with the changes within potassium carbonate compounds; however, these did not affect the K extraction efficiency.

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“…Wood ash is of course the earliest biomass ash to be exploited for alkali production [5]. Other biomass have also been studied, including wheat straw [6], corn straw [7], banana peels [8], and others. Published works on potassium production from bamboo ash is at best scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evaluation of Potassium Extraction from Bamboo Ash

2018

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Bamboo is a potentially economical fuel crop that has not been utilized at a substantial extent for energy generation in Indonesia. As a thermal conversion waste, bamboo ash is particularly interesting due to its high potassium content. This paper discusses the determination of several key parameters of a simple batchwise extraction process to recover potassium in the form of weak solution from bamboo ash. To produce the ash, black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolaceae) is charred in a fixed bed combustor. The bamboo char is ground and ashed at 500 °C in an electric furnace. The ash yield is 3.3 %-mass relative to as-received ash, with an ash K2O content of 12.9 %-mass. The ash is ground until passing 100-mesh standard sieve, and extracted by deionized water on a 2-stage laboratory-scale batchwise extractor battery. Process variables include extractror battery configuration (counter-current and co-current), temperature (nominal setting at 45-80 °C), and contact period of 1-6 hours. The concentration of extracted K2O increases asymptotically with temperature and contact time. Counter-current extraction yields more than twice the extract K2O concentration compared to cross-current extraction. The optimum conditions for the counter-current extraction is identified as a temperature of 78 °C and contact time of 4 hours, resulting in a 0.70 %-mass K2O solution concentration. Spot sampling of commercial liquid fertilizer products in Indonesia indicates an equivalent K2O content of 0.08-13.6 %-mass, suggesting the potential of the bamboo ash extract as an intermediate for fertilizer product.

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Extraction and quantitation of various potassium salts in straw ash

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Peanut Shell for Its Bioenergy Valorization

Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Peanut Shell for Its Bioenergy Valorization

Effective Separation and Recovery of Manganese and Potassium from Biomass Ash by Solvent Extraction

Preliminary Evaluation of Potassium Extraction from Bamboo Ash

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