Extraction behavior and mechanism of Cu(II) in ammoniacal sulfate solution with β-diketone

Improvement of separation efficiency of Cu(II) and Ni(II) in ammoniacal solutions by antagonistic effect of Aliquat336 on LIX84I

“…Compared the stability constants of copper with nickel (Table 1), it can be found that the stability of chloride-bearing metal species is markedly lower than that of metal ammine species. Additionally, some studies indicated that the salting-out effect is favorable to the extraction reaction [31,32]. Because the nickel chloride species is very unstable, the salting-out effect could play a major role during the nickel extraction.…”

Microscopic Insights into Extraction Mechanism of Copper(II) in Ammoniacal Solutions Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculation

“…The separation and recovery of copper by solvent extraction technology is widely accepted in the fields of hydrometallurgy and environmental protection due to its advantages of energy-saving, ease in scale-up, and high efficiency. In recent years, solvent extraction of copper­(II) in ammoniacal solutions has received great interest because a large number of low grade copper oxide ores and wastes have been extracted with ammonia leaching. − Moreover, wet etching of printed circuit boards and recycling of waste printed circuit boards using ammonia/ammonium salts have been put into practice for many years . In our previous work, it was found that the extraction percentage of copper­(II) in ammoniacal solutions decreases when pH > 6.5.…”

“…In recent years, solvent extraction of copper­(II) in ammoniacal solutions has received great interest because a large number of low grade copper oxide ores and wastes have been extracted with ammonia leaching. − Moreover, wet etching of printed circuit boards and recycling of waste printed circuit boards using ammonia/ammonium salts have been put into practice for many years . In our previous work, it was found that the extraction percentage of copper­(II) in ammoniacal solutions decreases when pH > 6.5. This phenomenon is unfavorable for the practical application of solvent extraction.…”

“…Benfatto et al studied the coordination structure of Cu­(ClO 4 ) 2 in perchloric acid and 4 M aqueous ammonia by XANES and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and thought that both Cu­(H 2 O) 5 2+ and Cu­(NH 3 ) 5 2+ are the trigonal bipyramidal configuration. , Rode et al studied the structure of single-ammine copper­(II) species by hybrid QM/MM MD simulation method at ab initio Hartree–Fock level. , The information obtained is very limited for elucidation of the extraction process of Cu­(II) in ammoniacal solutions. Moreover, some reports showed that water and ammonia molecules could be coextracted into the organic phase. , Thus, the coordination state of the extracted complexes can also influence their distribution behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of coordination structure of dominant copper species in both ammoniacal solutions and the extracted organic phase is crucial to elucidate extraction mechanism and improve extractant formula. , …”

“…Chem. A 2013, 117, i v i d u a l n o t d i r e c t l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s c i t e i s p r o h i b i t e d .extraction of copper(II) decreases with the increase of copper(II) species with distorted planar square configuration in aqueous phase 1. Thus, as shown in Scheme 1, a probable microscopic mechanism can be proposed for the solvent extraction of copper(II) in ammoniacal solutions.…”