Extraction, clean-up and chromatographic determination of organophosphate, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides in grain and grain products. A review

Sharp, Gerard; Brayan, John G.; Dilli, Sergio; Haddad, Paul R.; Desmarchelier, James M.

doi:10.1039/an9881301493

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The applications of corn in food were always restricted because of the presence of pesticide residues and its low protein content (Fields and Yoa 1990; Sharp et al 1988). Bacillus licheniformis has been used to increase the protein content of corn flour (Fields and Yoa 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate regulation on co-metabolic degradation of β-cypermethrin by Bacillus licheniformis B-1

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2019

AMB Expr

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Beta-cypermethrin (β-CY) residues are a serious threat to food safety and human health. However, the residues are not efficiently biodegraded because microorganisms preferentially use the nutrients found in food and the environment for growth. In this study, the mechanisms underlying nutrient regulation during co-metabolic degradation of β-CY by Bacillus licheniformis B-1 were investigated. The strain B-1 resting cells and the suspension containing NaN 3 showed no significant differences in β-CY degradation. The co-metabolic degradation and strain B-1 growth could be separately inhibited by iodoacetic acid and sodium fluoride. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), fructose 1-6 bisphosphate (F1-6BP), Mg 2+ , and Mn 2+ could improve the degradation, whereas adenosine triphosphate (ATP), alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) were found to exert the opposite effect, indicating that β-CY degradation was positively associated with pyruvate kinase activity. Furthermore, glycerol, urea, ammonium chloride and peptone improved β-CY degradation in corn flour. The results provided a promising approach for nutrient regulation of pyrethroids biodegradation in food and the environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-019-0808-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate regulation on co-metabolic degradation of β-cypermethrin by Bacillus licheniformis B-1

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2019

AMB Expr

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“…Second, with methanol as solvent, ethyl formate can be determined as part of a multiresidue screening procedure, as methanol has been widely tested as a solvent for extraction of many pesticides from foodstuffs. 15 It is also possible to determine ethyl formate residues from the difference in`residues' from fumigated and unfumigated wheat, barley or sultanas, in a similar procedure to that used for determination of HCN residues in commodities. 10 3.4 Natural levels of formic acid before fumigation 3.4.1 Amounts from GC analysis of formic acid without derivatisation The peak area of underivatised formic acid in pure solvent was linear in the tested range of 0±2000 mg litre À1 , corresponding to 0±1000 mg kg À1 in commodity.…”

Section: Discussion On Analysis Of Ethyl Formate and Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodology for determining methods of analysis of residues was based on criteria 11,15 for validating methods of determining`aged' residues. First, it was shown that recovery of forti®ed samples was adequate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl formate, formic acid and ethanol in air, wheat, barley and sultanas: analysis of natural levels and fumigant residues

Desmarchelier

Johnston

1999

Pestic. Sci.

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Ethyl formate and ethanol in air, eg in fumigant studies, were readily detected by gas chromatography (GC) (¯ame ionisation). Residues in wheat, barley and sultanas were analysed by GC, after extraction in polar solvents (eg methanol, aqueous propanol). Both natural levels and levels resulting from fumigation with ethyl formate were measured. Formic acid was extracted from commodities with polar solvents (eg methanol, water) and analysed by GC after esteri®cation. Solvent extracts of commodities were concentrated after addition of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, and an aliquot added to acidi®ed alcohols (several combinations of acids and alcohols were tested) in a sealed container. Formic acid esters were determined by GC, from headspace sampling over the esteri®cation solvent. Esteri®cation was faster with strong acids than with boric acid. However, esteri®cation with boric acid/butanol gave the least interference of all tested methods. Product identity was con®rmed by GC/mass spectrometry. High natural levels of formic acid, and low natural levels of ethyl formate and ethanol, presented problems in identifying residues arising from fumigation. These natural levels are relevant to food regulations for ethyl formate, especially those based on`total formic acid, free and combined'. Polar columns (eg FFAP, carbowax) were useful for measurement of formic acid esters, which eluted before the alcohols used for esteri®cation or extraction, whereas elution followed the molecular mass on non-polar columns, such as GS-Q or DB-624.

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“…Plant material possesses cellular walls and often requires more physically and chemically dynamic procedures to obtain compIete cellular disruption. This may involve the weakening of the cell wall by enzymes, sonication, and high concentrations of detergents [85,86].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid phase techniques in the extraction of pesticides and related compounds from foods and soils

Picó¹,

Moltó²,

Mañes³

et al. 1994

J Microcolumn Separations

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The application of SPE tecbnology to the isolation of pesticides and related compounds from food and soils has grown enormously in the last decade. Much of this growth has been due to the relative ease of sample handling and the wide range of solid supports currently available for a variety of applications. The aim of this review is to present the methods for solid phase extraction (SPE) of pesticide residues from soils and foods. There are three main areas according to the type of approach used to handle the sample: solid phase extraction, solid phase clean-up (SPC), and matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD). This review covers milk products, fatty foods, fruits, vegetables, and soils. Solid phase materials are discussed in each case in terms of reversed bonded-phase silica sorbents (C1,, C,, C2, etc.) and polar sorbents (alumina, Florisil, and silica).

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Extraction, clean-up and chromatographic determination of organophosphate, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides in grain and grain products. A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Substrate regulation on co-metabolic degradation of β-cypermethrin by Bacillus licheniformis B-1

Substrate regulation on co-metabolic degradation of β-cypermethrin by Bacillus licheniformis B-1

Ethyl formate, formic acid and ethanol in air, wheat, barley and sultanas: analysis of natural levels and fumigant residues

Solid phase techniques in the extraction of pesticides and related compounds from foods and soils

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