“…However, the coproduction of acetic acid with butyric acid in the fermentation not only results in a relatively low butyric acid yield and purity (selectivity) but also a high recovery cost due to difficulty in separating butyric acid from acetic acid (Fu, Wang, et al, 2017; Zigova et al, 1999). Although metabolic engineering to reduce acetate and increase butyrate biosynthesis (X. G. Liu & Yang, 2006; X. G. Liu et al, 2006; Zhu et al, 2005) and in situ product separation through extractive fermentation (Wu & Yang, 2003; Yang & Lu, 2013; Zigova & Sturdik, 2000) have been successfully used to improve the final concentration, productivity, and yield of butyric acid produced in fermentation by C. tyrobutyricum , how to eliminate or significantly reduce acetic acid production in the fermentation remains a challenge (Jiang et al, 2018; Luo et al, 2018; Zhang, Yang, et al, 2009).…”