Extraction-flame atomic absorption determination of microtraces of Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in ammonium sulphate

Ivanova, E.; Havezov, I.; Vracheva, N.; Jordanov, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00488675

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has found numerous applications in rare earth elements separation and preconcentration by solvent extraction. [18][19][20] Adams et al used the knotted reactor as solid sorbent to retain the metal-PMBP complexes for the preconcentration of REEs 21 and Cu and Mn. 22 Hitherto, no study on the use of silica gel loaded with PMBP as sorbent for rare earth elements preconcentration has been available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Liang

Chen

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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Sensitive, fast, reproducible, simple and accurate analytical methods are required for the determination of trace elements in geological, biological and environmental samples. The direct determination of extremely low concentrations of the required trace elements by modern atomic spectroscopic methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is often difficult.1 The limitations are not only associated with the insufficient sensitivity of these techniques but also with matrix interference. For this reason, the preliminary separation and preconcentration of trace elements from the matrix are often required. 2,3 The most widely used techniques for the separation and preconcentration of trace elements include liquid-liquid extraction, 4 solid-phase extraction, 5,6 coprecipitation, 7 ionexchange, 8 floatation 9 and electrochemical deposition. 10 Recently, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique has become increasingly popular in compared with the more traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods. 11 SPE shows several major advantages over the classical liquid-liquid extraction technique. These include (i) the fast, simple and direct sample application in very small size (micro liter volume) without any sample loss; (ii) higher preconcentration factor; (iii) rapid phase separation; (iv) the ability of combination with different detection techniques in the form of on-line or off-line mode and finally (v) time and cost saving. The choice of solid-phase adsorbents is a decisive factor that affects analytical sensitivity and selectivity. The main requirements with respect to substances to be used as solid-phase extraction sorbents are as follows: possibility of extracting a large number of elements over a wide pH range, fast and quantitative sorption and elution, high capacity, regenerability and accessibility. Numerous substances have been proposed and applied as solid-phase extractants, such as chelating resins, metal oxides, polyurethane foam, active carbon, cellulose and microorganisms.The chelating resins are frequently used in analytical chemistry for preconcentration of metal ions and for their separation from interfering constituents prior to the determination by an instrumental method, because of their high selectivity and capability of binding metals through groups attached to the support. The multiple coordination of metal ion on chelating resin makes it particularly useful for the collection of polyvalent metal ions. The chelating resins are mainly prepared by immobilization of ligands on various supports. Due to its high mechanical strength, good porosity, hydrophilicity, swelling stability and eco-friendliness, silica gel is an attractive support for designing chelating resins.12,13 The surface of free silica gel acts as a weak cation exchanger via its silianol groups. Its functionalization by organic complexing agents either chemically 14 or physically 15 greatly enhances the metal ion sorption capacity or improves its selectivity for...

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confidence: 99%

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Liang

Chen

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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“…In this paper, a CPE method based on the complex of Mn(II) and Fe(III) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP, its structure is shown in Fig. 1), which forms complexes with more than 40 metal ions and has found numerous applications in trace element separation and preconcentration by solvent extraction [35,36] and solid phase extraction [37,38], and using p-octylpolyethyleneglycolphenylether (Triton X-100) as surfactant is proposed for the preconcentration of Mn(II) and Fe(III) in water samples prior to their determination by GFAAS. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were evaluated and optimized.…”

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Cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of manganese(II) and iron(III) in water samples

Liang

Sang

Sun

2006

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The chelating reagent 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) forms complexes with more than 40 metal ions and has found numerous applications in trace element separation and preconcentration by solvent extraction 21,22 and solid phase extraction. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Even so, it has rarely been used in cloud point preconcentration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration of Manganese(II) from Natural Water Samples Using 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone and Triton X-100 and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2006

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Manganese is a necessity for the proper function of several enzymes and is an essential micro-nutrient for the function of the brain, nervous system and normal bone growth. It optimizes enzyme and membrane transport functions.1,2 Similar to other essential metals, both excess and deficiency of manganese in the body can cause serious impairment of vital physiological and biochemical processes, excessive intake can cause lesions, headache, psychotic behavior, drowsiness and other related symptoms and/or diseases. [3][4][5] Therefore, it is important from an analytical point of view to develop sensitive and economical methods for determination of the trace amounts of manganese.Separation and preconcentration based on cloud point extraction (CPE) are becoming an important and practical application of the use of surfactants in analytical chemistry. 6,7 The technique is based on the property of most non-ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions to form micelles and to separate into a surfactant-rich phase of a small volume and a diluted aqueous phase when heated to a temperature known as the cloud point temperature. The small volume of the surfactant-rich phase obtained with this methodology permits the design of extraction schemes that are simple, cheap, highly efficient, speedy and of lower toxicity to the environment than those extractions that use organic solvents.Cloud point extraction has been used to separate and preconcentrate organic compounds as a step prior to their determination in hydrodynamic analytical systems such as liquid chromatography 8 and capillary electrophoresis. 9 The phase separation phenomenon has also been used for the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions after the formation of sparingly water-soluble complexes. 10CPE has been widely studied as a preconcentration step in conjunction with detection by spectrophotometry, FIA-spectrofluorometry, FAAS, ICP-AES, HPLC and CE for the determination of various metal ions.11-18 CPE in combination with FAAS for the determination of manganese has also been reported. 19,20 When cloud point extraction is employed for the extraction of metal ions, the generation of suitable chelating complexes is the main step in analysis.Several ligands, such as 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN), 13,19 ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), 14 8-hydroxyquinoline (Oxine), 15 dithizone, 16 diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), 17 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP), 18 and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 19 have been used in cloud point extraction of metal ions. The chelating reagent 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) forms complexes with more than 40 metal ions and has found numerous applications in trace element separation and preconcentration by solvent extraction 21,22 and solid phase extraction. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Even so, it has rarely been used in cloud point preconcentration. The aim of this work was to optimize the use of PMBP in cloud point extraction preconcentration of manganese(II) ...

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Extraction-flame atomic absorption determination of microtraces of Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in ammonium sulphate

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of manganese(II) and iron(III) in water samples

Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration of Manganese(II) from Natural Water Samples Using 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone and Triton X-100 and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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