Extraction, isolation, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from elderberry fruit

Abstract

The isolation, purification, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from elderberry fruits were studied. Two neutral polysaccharides (EFP-0 and EFP-1) and three acidic polysaccharides (EFP-2, EFP-3, and EFP-4) were isolated from elderberry. EFP-0, EFP-1, EFP-2, EFP-3, and EFP-4 all contain arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose, with molecular weights of 1.7981 × 106, 7.0523 × 106, 7.7638 × 106, 4.3855 × 105, and 7.3173 × 105 Da, respectively. Structural characterization showed that the backbone of EFP-2 consisted of →4)-Manp (1→4)-β-D-Glcp (1→ and →4)-β-D-Glcp (1→5)-α-L-Araf (1→units, and T-α-L-Araf (1→ and T-β-D-Galp (1→ residues were detected by methylation analysis and NMR analysis. In addition, the MTT assay and zebrafish oxidative damage assay showed that EFP-2 had a protective effect on H2O2-damaged RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and zebrafish with the addition of EFP-2 would have low levels of ROS in vivo which showed significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, the results showed that the elderberry polysaccharides have antioxidant activity and can be used as potential antioxidants in functional foods.

Exploration of Polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica: Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Activities

“…Furthermore, the proton and carbon signals for other residues were assigned through the analysis of HSQC combined with 1 H-1 H COSY spectra. the H2/C2-H5/C5 values of residue A were 5.03/107.31, 4.07/81.03, 3.96/76.34, 4.15/82.07, and 3.75/60.99 ppm [45]. The H2/C2-H5/C5 values of residue B were 5.17/106.35, 4.24/81.34, 3.89/76.68, 3.98/83.83, and 3.98/83.83 [46].…”

Prospects of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) polysaccharides: preparation, structural characterization, and bioactivities diversity

“…However, its extraction process is time-consuming and low in yield [25] . In contrast, physical-assisted extraction methods, such as pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), can extract polysaccharides more efficiently and increase the yield of sea buckthorn crude polysaccharides while ensuring environmental protection [26][27][28][29][30][31] . Nevertheless, care should be taken to control a reasonable temperature range, as high temperature may lead to degradation of polysaccharides, leading to a lower extraction yield.…”

“…The sea buckthorn polysaccharides can be categorized into neutral and acidic polysaccharides due to the content of uronic acid [109] . Wei et al [27] isolated the crude polysaccharide of sea buckthorn to obtain three polysaccharide fractions, including two acidic polysaccharides and one neutral polysaccharide. It was found that the antioxidant properties of the acidic polysaccharides SBP-III and SBP-II were significantly higher than those of the neutral polysaccharide SBP-I.…”

Anti-inflammatory mechanism and application of mycelial polysaccharides

“…[22] Although much progress has been made in the study of methods for the extraction, isolation and purification of EFPs, it is necessary to continue the search for simpler, more efficient and cheaper methods for the large-scale production of high-quality EFPs in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. [23] Since EFP has high biological activity, it is important to establish an efficient and economical extraction method. At the same time, attention should be paid to improving the purity of polysaccharides, obtaining homogeneous polysaccharides, and studying their physicochemical properties and bioactivities in order to maximise the value of EFP Since EFP has high biological activity, it is important to establish an efficient and economical extraction method.…”