Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Brazilian Green Propolis Using Ultrasound-Assisted Associated with Low- and High-Pressure Extraction Methods

Abstract

The demand for bee products has been growing, especially regarding their application in complementary medicine. Apis mellifera bees using Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) as substrate produce green propolis. Among the examples of bioactivity of this matrix are antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral actions. This work aimed to verify the impact of the experimental conditions applied in low- and high-pressure extractions of green propolis, using sonication (60 kHz) as pretreatment to determine the antioxidant profile in the extracts. Total flavonoid content (18.82 ± 1.15–50.47 ± 0.77 mgQE·g−1), total phenolic compounds (194.12 ± 3.40–439.05 ± 0.90 mgGAE·g−1) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH (33.86 ± 1.99–201.29 ± 0.31 µg.mL−1) of the twelve green propolis extracts were determined. By means of HPLC-DAD, it was possible to quantify nine of the fifteen compounds analyzed. The results highlighted formononetin (4.76 ± 0.16–14.80 ± 0.02 mg·g−1) and p-coumaric acid (<LQ—14.33 ± 0.01 mg·g−1) as majority compounds in the extracts. Based on the principal component analysis, it was possible to conclude that higher temperatures favored the release of antioxidant compounds; in contrast, they decreased the flavonoid content. Thus, the obtained results showed that samples pretreated with 50 °C associated with ultrasound displayed a better performance, which may support the elucidation of the use of these conditions.

Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Apis mellifera Propolis Extraction Obtained with Ultrasound

“…Bees collect resin from different plants, so the variability of the chemical compounds in propolis could be directly related to the availability of the vegetation where the hive is located [46]. One of the main factors in obtaining bioactive compounds is the extraction method, which is studied and compared, concluding that ultrasound extraction is the best alternative by establishing the appropriate conditions [20,47,48]. The PT extract stood out for its flavonoid content with 8084.6 mg QE/100 g, while the PE, PSP, and PSJ extracts had a content between 3721.7 and 5881.6 mg QE/100g (Table 2).…”

Безпечність, Якість Та Біохімічний Склад Прополісу Залежно Від Технології Одержання

“…Знання складу прополісу, який залежить від його географічного походження, а також його біологічних властивостей у різних регіонах та широке застосування, є надзвичайно цінними для проблеми стандартизації прополісу [10]. Доведено, що кількість та якість прополісу залежить від багатьох чинників, у тому числі кліматичних умов, періоду і місця збору та інших [15]. Аналіз наукових джерел свідчить про широкий спектр властивостей прополісу, що обумовлені його складом [3;4; 6; 12; 13].…”

Evaluation of the Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Green, Brown, and Dark Propolis

“…The Brazilian green propolis comes from the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia , also popularly known as “rosemary of the field”. It is native to Brazil’s Southeast and South regions, and has been the subject of several studies for medicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological purposes [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”