Extraction of Atrazine, Cyanazine, Desethylatrazine, Desisopropylatrazine, and Metolachlor from Fortified Western Cornbelt Soils by SFE with CO2

Steinheimer, Thomas R.; Pfeiffer, Richard; Scoggin, Kenwood

doi:10.1021/ac00077a010

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because it concerned a limited number of samples originating from a single monitoring programme the cleanup procedure was not further optimised. In this case the combination of MASE and the polar solvent is (too) powerful concerning the co-extraction of interferences and a milder technique such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) may be good alternative [7][8][9][10]. Recovery experiments carried out on upper layer samples at a level of 25 tag kg -1 are included in Table IV.…”

Section: Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

et al. 1998

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SummaryRecent work demonstrated that the combination of microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and capillary gas chromatography with selective nitrogen detection (GC-NPD) is a viable approach for the efficient determination of triazine herbicides in soils. However, for soils with a high organic matter content or the injection of more concentrated extracts to obtain lower LOD's the performance of gas chromatographic analysis of uncleaned extracts is hampered. This results in both a decrease of the chromatographic response of analytes and a decrease in the life time of the column due to coextracted matrix substances. The effect of various types of soils on the chromatographic analysis of triazine herbicides was studied. It appeared that for the investigated samples with an organic matter content below 5 % processing of uncleaned extracts is possible. Samples with a higher organic matter content required a cleanup step. A rapid procedure on 100 mg silica cartridges has been developed using solvents compatible with the MASE extracts and the instrumental analysis. Beside the testing with different standard soils, about 120 samples of an ongoing monitoring program involving three different types of soil (organic matter content: 3-37 %) were analysed. The selected compounds atrazine, desethylatrazine, desisopropyl-atrazine and simazine could be assayed in the various soil types to a level of at least 2 lag kg -1. For soil samples with a high organic matter content (> 5 %), the rapid cleanup procedure allowed the trace analysis of the triazines and considerably increased the life time of the capillary column. Recoveries at levels from 2 to 50 tag kg -I ranged from 70 to 100 % with RSDs ranging from 5.1 to 9.5 %. Confirmation of positive sampies was carried out by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

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Section: Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

et al. 1998

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“…The development of newer, low application rate herbicides is changing the spectrum of chemical usage. Although these chemicals were detectable in surface water and groundwater, concentrations were well below health advisory levels (36).…”

Section: Conclusion Current Research and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 86%

Herbicide and Nitrate in Surface and Ground Water: Results from the Iowa Management Systems Evaluation Area

Hatfield

Kanwar

2004

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Além de metais pesados, foram encontradas na literatura aplicações de métodos quimiométricos no estudo de compostos aromáticos 34 , pesticidas 35,36 e radionuclídeos 37 em solos.…”

Section: Estudo De Poluentes No Solounclassified

Avaliação do uso de métodos quimiométricos em análise de solos

Sena¹,

Poppi²,

Frighetto³

et al. 2000

Quím. Nova

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EVALUATION OF THE USE OF CHEMOMETRIC METHODS IN SOIL ANALYSIS. One of the major interests in soil analysis is the evaluation of its chemical, physical and biological parameters, which are indicators of soil quality (the most important is the organic matter).Besides there is a great interest in the study of humic substances and on the assessment of pollutants, such as pesticides and heavy metals, in soils. Chemometrics is a powerful tool to deal with these problems and can help soil researchers to extract much more information from their data. In spite of this, the presence of these kinds of strategies in the literature has obtained projection only recently. The utilization of chemometric methods in soil analysis is evaluated in this article. The applications will be divided in four parts (with emphasis in the first two): (i) descriptive and exploratory methods based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA); (ii) multivariate calibration methods (MLR, PCR and PLS); (iii) methods such as Evolving Factor Analysis and SIMPLISMA; and (iv) artificial intelligence methods, such as Artificial Neural Networks.Keywords: chemometrics; soil analysis; principal component analysis. DIVULGAÇÃO INTRODUÇÃOCom a crescente sofisticação das técnicas instrumentais de análise química, impulsionada pela invasão de microprocessadores e microcomputadores no laboratório, técnicas de tratamentos de dados mais complexas do ponto de vista matemáti-co e estatístico tornaram-se necessárias 1 . A análise de dados é uma parte essencial em todo experimento, sendo univariada quando somente uma variável é medida sistematicamente para várias amostras. Há muito tempo a estatística univariada vem sendo aplicada a problemas químicos, mas a sua utilização tornou-se limitada. Nas últimas décadas, a aná-lise multivariada foi introduzida no tratamento de dados quími-cos, ganhando rapidamente popularidade e dando origem a uma nova disciplina, batizada de Quimiometria. O modelo estatístico dos métodos multivariados considera a correlação entre muitas variáveis analisadas simultaneamente, permitindo a extração de uma quantidade muito maior de informação.Neste artigo será avaliada a utilização de métodos quimiométricos em análise de solos. O solo é uma estrutura complexa formada pela influência de fatores geológicos, topográficos, climáticos, temporais e antropogênicos; sendo a parte mais importante da geosfera e de onde provêm a maior parte dos nossos alimentos. Além disso, ele funciona como uma espécie de filtro ambiental para a purificação da água e do ar 2 . O interesse maior na análise de solos está na avaliação de seus parâmetros químicos (concentração de metais e nutrientes, pH, etc.), físicos (compactação, umidade, etc.) e biológicos (microrganismos, etc.), os quais são um indicador de sua qualidade. Dentre os constituintes do solo, o mais estudado é a matéria orgânica (MO). Esta controla muitas de suas propriedades e é um fator central na manutenção de sistemas agrícolas sustentá-veis. Práticas que favoreçam a conservação da MO melhoram as propriedades ...

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Extraction of Atrazine, Cyanazine, Desethylatrazine, Desisopropylatrazine, and Metolachlor from Fortified Western Cornbelt Soils by SFE with CO2

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

Herbicide and Nitrate in Surface and Ground Water: Results from the Iowa Management Systems Evaluation Area

Avaliação do uso de métodos quimiométricos em análise de solos

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