Extraction of Brazil nut kernel oil using green solvents: Effects of the process variables in the oil yield and composition

Abstract

The extraction efficiency of isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol was studied, and the effects of the process variables, static time (St), solvent‐to‐feed (S/F) ratio, and temperature (T) in the oil extraction yield (X0), free fatty acids (FFA) content, total phenolic content (TPC), and β‐sitosterol content were statistically investigated. The amount of solvent used (S/F) did not influence the X0, but St and T significantly influenced (p < .05) the X0. The condition that maximized the X0 (60.40%) occurred when a St of 9 min and a T of 86°C were used, and low level of FFA were observed in all oils obtained. The process variables studied did not significantly influence (p > .05) in the content of FFA (0.25–0.28%), TPC (29.10–38.47 mg GAE/kg oil), and β‐sitosterol content (9.51–40.32 mg/100 g oil). Its oil is a high source of unsaturated fatty acid. Pressurized liquid extraction is a promising technique for rapid extraction of oil including Brazil nut kernel. Its process recovered 90.58% of oil in 27 min (3 cycles for 9 min of static time). Practical Applications The optimization of pressurized green solvent extraction has been studied in order to demonstrate that this technology, even employing polar solvents, provides high yields in oil extraction. It is a technology under study that leaves no residue of toxic solvents on vegetable oils. In this study, the use of pressurized liquid extraction with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH) as solvents was employed to extract oil from Brazil nut kernel, focusing on the oil rapid recovery as an alternative process to increase the oil yield and improve the use of non‐timber forest product of Amazon biome.

Impact of Hydro-Alcoholic Solvents on the Oil and Phenolics Extraction from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Press-Cake and the Self-Emulsification of Extracts

“…For oil extraction, there is evidence in the literature that short-chain alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol could replace hexane in vegetable oils extraction [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 51 , 52 ], but the presence of water is detrimental to the oil solubility or recovery [ 30 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Our results are consistent with the trends reported in the literature, since a higher hydration level of the extracting solvent decreased the oil extraction yield.…”

Influence of the pulp of Mangifera indica and Myrciaria dubia on the bioactive and sensory properties of ice cream

“…The total phenolic content was determined according to the method reported by Cornelio-Santiago et al (2019). To obtain the extracts, approximately 2 g of ice cream were weighed, 2 mL of methanol were added in a 10 mL capacity tube, and then they were homogenized in a Vortex mixer at 2,500 rpm for 20 min.…”

Potential of Oilseeds Native to Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado Biomes: Benefits, Chemical and Functional Properties, and Extraction Methods

“…Cornelio‐Santiago et al (2019) studied the efficiency of oil extraction from the kernels of the Brazil nut by PLE according to the solvents used (isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol) and the process conditions. The main fatty acids identified in the oils, as well as in the method by Soxhlet, were 18:1 and 18:2 acids.…”

“…The main fatty acids identified in the oils, as well as in the method by Soxhlet, were 18:1 and 18:2 acids. The authors evaluated the method as a promising technique for obtaining Brazil nut oil, primarily due to its shorter extraction time and the reduced volume of solvent required (Cornélio‐Santiago et al, Cornelio‐Santiago et al, 2019). No studies were found in the literature on the use of PLE for the extraction of oils from seeds of the species of Plukenetia and Caryocar .…”