Extraction of canine teeth in dogs

Oronasal and Oroantral Fistulas Secondary to Periodontal Disease: A Retrospective Study Comparing the Prevalence Within Dachshunds and a Control Group

“…Recognizing that periodontal disease is the most common cause of acquired ONF/OAFs, alternative etiologies may include iatrogenic injury that manifests during tooth extraction, including avulsion of a portion of the palatal alveolar wall with the tooth during extraction, displacement of the tooth apex through the palatal alveolar wall during extraction, and exposure of nasoalveolar defects following extraction; postsurgical complications following procedures involving the palatine, incisive, and maxillary bones; iatrogenic surgical trauma; maxillofacial trauma; gunshot wounds; unsuccessful cleft lip/palate repair; neoplasia; electrical injury; eosinophilic granuloma; radiation therapy; pressure necrosis; complications associated with nasopharyngeal stents; and penetrating wounds. 1,4 -6,15 -18…”

Management and Outcome of Maxillofacial Trauma in a 9-Week-Old Dog

“…4,7 –9,19 Invasive techniques such as intraosseous wiring, external skeletal fixation, and bone plating can be applied in mature dogs. 4,5,10,11 In severe cases of infection or bone/soft tissue damage, mandibulectomy or maxillectomy with or without commissurorraphy might be required as a salvage technique. 4,12…”

“…2,4 –7 Stabilization may be accomplished with maxillomandibular fixation techniques (tape muzzle, labial button technique, interarch splinting), interdental splinting (with interdental wiring), external skeletal fixation, open stabilization with surgical hardware (intraosseous wiring, bone plating), or salvage procedures such as removal of the fractured piece of jaw and commissuroplasty. 4,5,7 –12 Potential sequelae of maxillofacial trauma include dental injuries, malocclusion, palatal defects, osteomyelitis, bone sequestration, delayed or nonunion of bone fractures, facial deformities, and delayed or abnormal dental eruption. 4,13,14 Fractures in juvenile patients require special consideration because of developing teeth and bone structures, both of which can be significantly affected by the traumatic injury.…”

Repair of Bilateral Comminuted Mandibular Fractures in a 12-Week-Old Puppy Using Locking and Nonlocking Maxillofacial Reconstruction Plates

“…Tape muzzle has been reported to be an inexpensive and practical method for jaw fracture stabilization, especially in immature patients, minimally displaced fractures, and ramus fractures. 14,11 Due to its noninvasive nature, the application of a tape muzzle would not cause any trauma to the developing or unerupted permanent teeth, and it would not jeopardize future mandibular growth. However, tape muzzle application would not have provided the necessary support to stabilize the bilateral, comminuted fractures, and also would not have allowed for early return to function of the oral cavity.…”

“…External skeletal fixation devices utilizing pins, rods, and/or acrylic splints are useful for fractures that are infected and severely comminuted, but their placement requires large regions of edentulous mandible and thicker bone. 14 The presence of permanent teeth within the mandible, the thin unsupported bone in the region of the permanent first molar extractions, the constant muscular contractions on the pins, and the caudal location of the fractures made pin placement suboptimal and subject to future loosening and failure.…”