Extraction of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen from Seawater by an Electrochemical Acidification Cell. Part 3. Scaled-up Mobile Unit Studies (Calendar Year 2011)

Abstract

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Progress in thermodynamic analyses and optimizations for key component units in sea-based fuel synthesis systems

“…孔锐等人 [71] 研究 了碘化氢分解反应器熵产生率最小化问题. 王超 [66] 以 Willauer等人 [17,19] 对Ionpure型电化学酸化池进行 了放大和集成实验, 报道了在4个独立的评价时间内酸 化池性能的评价结果 [17] , 并对降低电极组件的离子交换 容量性能进行了实验研究 [19] . 酸化池降低海水pH过程中 氢离子通过离子交换膜从阳极室进入中间腔的传输过 程涉及复杂的电化学和反应动力学, 在缺乏相关信息情 况下, 电化学酸化池可视为信息不完全的灰色系统 [170] .…”

Renewable Gas

“…In the longer term, although elsewhere biomass would be an ideal source of "young" carbon, biomass productivity in Iran, both onshore and offshore, may be compromised by climate change. American Navy researchers may have a solution for sourcing "young" carbon directly from the oceans, by proposing electrochemical acidification technology to degas carbon dioxide from natural seawater (Willauer et al, 2013), incidentally producing some hydrogen. The Earth's atmosphere has become increasingly laden with carbon dioxide over the last 300 years, owing to increasing use of fossil fuels, and deforestation and other land use change.…”

Finite-Time Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of Seawater Acidification Process in Electrochemical Acidification Cell

“…DiMascio et al [ 11 ] and Willauer et al [ 12 ] investigated the initial feasibility of the Nalco and Ionpure EAC by using four kinds of synthetic seawater, and actual seawater from Key West (KW seawater); the results show that the EAC can lower the pH value of seawater to below 6.0. Willauer et al [ 13 ] tested the influence of the operation time and flow rate of seawater on the performance of Nalco EAC experimentally; the results show that the extension of the operation time will increase the internal resistance by 34%. Willauer et al [ 14 ] amplified and integrated the Ionpure EAC, and testified the performance of EAC, e.g., the pH value of the effluent seawater, the operation time, and the recovery rate of CO 2 and H 2 in four separated experimentation times.…”

“…Willauer et al [ 13 ] tested the influence of the operation time and flow rate of seawater on the performance of Nalco EAC experimentally; the results show that the extension of the operation time will increase the internal resistance by 34%. Willauer et al [ 14 ] amplified and integrated the Ionpure EAC, and testified the performance of EAC, e.g., the pH value of the effluent seawater, the operation time, and the recovery rate of CO 2 and H 2 in four separated experimentation times. Willauer et al [ 15 ] lowered the ion exchange capacity of the electrode of the EAC and testified the performance; the results show that the inner electrical resistance can be lowered by changing the ratio of ion exchange resin and the inertia material.…”

“…Willauer et al [ 14 ] amplified and integrated the Ionpure EAC, and testified the performance of EAC, e.g., the pH value of the effluent seawater, the operation time, and the recovery rate of CO 2 and H 2 in four separated experimentation times. Willauer et al [ 15 ] lowered the ion exchange capacity of the electrode of the EAC and testified the performance; the results show that the inner electrical resistance can be lowered by changing the ratio of ion exchange resin and the inertia material. Willauer et al [ 16 ] used the reverse osmosis water and city water of Key West as electrolytes, respectively, and compared the performance of the EAC; the results show that the city water of Key West can be used as electrolytes and can maintain the performance of the EAC under some operating parameters.…”