Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace via Water-Induced Hydrocolloidal Complexation

Abstract

<jats:p>Agro-industrial waste is a largely untapped natural resource of bioactive compounds including carotenoids and pectin. However, conventional solvent extraction involves the excessive use of organic solvents, costly equipment, and tedious operation. These limitations of conventional extraction methods could be prospectively overcome by the carotenoid–pectin hydrocolloidal complexation. The complexation of lycopene and pectin was efficiently promoted in an aqueous environment, resulting in the colloidal complexes that can be subsequently recovered by sedimentation or centrifugation. In this study, the potential of carotenoid–pectin complexation on tomato pomace containing carotenoids and pectin was evaluated. Tomato pomace is a rich source of lycopene, β-carotene as well as pectin, making it suitable as the raw material for the carotenoid extraction. The extraction of carotenoid and pectin from tomato pomace was optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum recovery was 9.43 mg carotenoid fractions/100 g tomato pomace, while the purity of carotenoid-rich fractions was 92%. The antioxidant capacity of carotenoids extracted from the complexation method was found to be higher than that from the solvent extraction method. Moreover, extraction yield and antioxidant capacity of carotenoid obtained from the carotenoid–pectin complexation were comparable to that from solvent extraction. The carotenoid–pectin complexation is a promising green approach to valorize agro by-products for the extraction of valuable carotenoids.</jats:p>

Optimization of Lutein Recovery from Tetraselmis suecica by Response Surface Methodology

“…The p -values of the lack-of-fit of each model were 0.2923 and 0.0764, respectively, which were not significant ( p -value > 0.05) relative to the pure error. This means that the quadratic model is statistically significant for the response [ 34 ]. The coefficients of variation (CV) for each model were determined as 9.08% and 6.11%, which was less than 10%, meaning that the variation of the experimental data is within a rational range [ 35 ].…”

Recent Advances in Recovery of Lycopene from Tomato Waste: A Potent Antioxidant with Endless Benefits

“…Two successive centrifugations at different rpm values allowed separating debris and colloidal complex; lastly, the recovery of lycopene and other carotenes from the complex can be performed by a small amount of organic solvent. By this extraction, optimized using response surface methodology, the maximum recovery obtained was of 9.43 mg carotenoid fractions/100 g tomato pomace, with a purity of carotenoid-rich fractions of 92% [ 114 ].…”

Vegetable oils as green solvents for carotenoid extraction from pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) byproducts: Optimization of extraction parameters

“…Nagarajan et al. (2020) also obtained similar results, where the increase in carotenoid recovery from tomato pomace was influenced by increasing the stirring rate. According to these studies, these results are consistent with the mass transfer principle.…”