Extraction of Cesium and Some Typical Metals with a Supramolecular Recognition Agent 1,3-Bis(1-nonyloxy)-2,4-crown-6-calix[4]arene

Abstract

A macrocyclic supramolecular recognition agent, 1,3-bis(1-nonyloxy)-2,4-crown-6-calix[4]arene (NonCalix[4]C6), was synthesized. The extraction of Cs(I), a heat generator, and some typical fission and nonfission products, La(III), Y(III), Rb(I), Mo(VI), Zr(IV), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ru(III), Na(I), K(I), and Pd(II), with NonCalix[4]C6/1-octanol in HNO3 medium was investigated. The effects of contact time, the concentration of HNO3 in the range of (0.4 to 5.0) mol·kg–1, and temperature were evaluated. NonCalix[4]C6 showed excellent extraction ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) over the tested metals except Rb(I), which was ascribed to the effective recognition of NonCalix[4]C6 for Cs(I). The optimum acidity in the extraction of Cs(I) was 4.0 mol·kg–1 HNO3. The extraction property and mechanism of Cs(I) were discussed. The composition of the extracted species of Cs(I) with NonCalix[4]C6 was determined as CsNO3·NonCalix[4]C6. Valuable chemical engineering parameters in the extraction of Cs(I) were obtained. It is beneficial to effectively partition Cs(I) from highly active liquid waste with the NonCalix[4]C6/1-octanol extraction system.

Cesium and Strontium Uptake Utilizing a New Ternary Solid-State Supramolecular Adsorbent under a Framework of Group Partitioning

“…As shown in Figure 4, the K d of Cs is being increased in the range of 0.4 to 2.0 M HNO 3 concentration due to the association of Cs ion and BnPC6. That is, proton competition did not prevent the recognition, and adsorption of Cs played a main role by forming CsNO 3 •BnPC6, 10 which is described in the following stoichiometric equation:…”

“…Cs was strongly and selectively recognized by calix[4]­arene-crown-6 families, − while Sr was removed based on the supramolecular recognition agent with some derivatives of crown ethers such as dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) and 4,4′(5′)-di- tert -butyldicyclo­hexano-18-crown-6 (DT). − Some extraction processes such as cesium extraction (CSEX), caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX), and strontium extraction (SREX) used to remove Sr or Cs were reported. However, research on the simultaneous separation of Cs and Sr which was of significant interest for its great advantages on simple devices and elimination of regenerated liquid waste, was relatively few.…”

Extraction Equilibrium of Typical Alkali Metals with a Macrocyclic Calixbiscrown Derivative in Two-Phase System HNO3/o-Nitroanisole and HNO3/HCCl3

“…This provides a valuable pathway for Cs removal by application of calix[4]­crown-6 derivatives or relevant functional materials via host–guest supramolecular recognition. On the other hand, solvent extraction is one of the most important separation methods. − Cs extraction with calix[4]­biscrown derivatives has not been fully understood. Especially, the influence of organic diluents on the extraction ability and selectivity of Cs with calix[4]­biscrown has not been made fully clear.…”

Selective Adsorption of Rubidium onto a New 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]crown-5 Mesoporous Adsorbent with a Polar Carrier Containing Polyalkyl Ester

“…Calix­[ n ]­crown is a derivative of calix­[ n ]­arene, which comprises a cavity of calix­[ n ] arene and one or two crown ether cycles. , Over the past three decades, it has been used as a host for recognizing guest metals through noncovalent bond interactions such as CH-p or p–p-stacking interactions. , Based on the investigations that have shown that the cavity of calix[4]­crown-6 families matches well with the size of Cs­(I). This provides a possibility for removing Cs­(I) from highly active liquid wastes. − However, it was found that under the framework of SPEC, GPSC, or FPEX process, − monovalent Rb­(I) was always separated from Cs-containing effluents due to similar chemical properties. − It would have a negative influence on the removal of Cs­(I). Moreover, Rb­(I) is an important resource used in energy, electronics, special glass, medicine, and many other fields.…”