Extraction of Graphene Nanostructures from <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> and <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Leaves and Surface Functionalization with Tin Oxide: Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties

Mohan, Anu N.; Balachandran, Manoj

doi:10.1002/chem.202000590

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…A recent study used Colocasia esculenta (taro) and Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus) extracts to synthesize graphene nanocomposites using oxidative treatment by a modified Hummers' method [135]. The graphene synthesized from these extracts was reported to show inherent antimicrobial applications, which overcome the environmental issues that arise when using disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Plant Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches

Yan

Nashath

Chen

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

104

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Graphene is an advanced carbon functional material with inherent unique properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. It can be synthesized through either the top–down approach involving delamination of graphitic materials or the bottom–up approach involving graphene assembly from smaller building units. Common top–down approaches are exfoliation and reduction while bottom–up approaches include chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth, and pyrolysis. A range of materials have been successfully used as precursors in various synthesis methods to derive graphene. This review analyses and discusses the suitability of conventional, plant- and animal-derived, chemical, and fossil precursors for graphene synthesis. Together with its associated technical feasibility and economic and environmental impacts, the quality of resultant graphene is critically assessed and discussed. After evaluating the parameters mentioned above, the most appropriate synthesis method for each precursor is identified. While graphite is currently the most common precursor for graphene synthesis, several other precursors have the potential to synthesize graphene of comparable, if not better, quality and yield. Thus, this review provides an overview and insights into identifying the potential of various carbon precursors for large-scale and commercial production of fit-for-purpose graphene for specific applications.

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Section: Plant Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches

Yan

Nashath

Chen

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

104

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“…8 Agricultural wastes are renewable resources that can be used to produce various carbon materials; they are regenerative precursors, available, not expensive, produce a large yield, and are environmentally friendly. 9 Carbonization is the process of heating the biomass (pyrolysis) at high temperatures, above 200 °C, in the absence of air. 10 It usually produces biochar that is a carbon-enriched, porous, and grayish-black solid 11,12 and involves the transformation of sp 3 C−X bonds into the aromatic sp 2 C−C bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural wastes remain a challenging problem because of their accumulations, difficulties in its transportation, handling, and storage; moreover, converting the wastes into feedstock is an expensive process . Agricultural wastes are renewable resources that can be used to produce various carbon materials; they are regenerative precursors, available, not expensive, produce a large yield, and are environmentally friendly . Carbonization is the process of heating the biomass (pyrolysis) at high temperatures, above 200 °C, in the absence of air .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some agricultural wastes have been used in the synthesis of different forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as porous graphene nanosheets that were synthesized from coconut shells, N-doped graphene from chitosan extracted from crustacean skin wastes, graphene quantum dots from dead neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), 3D graphene from the wood of Eucalyptus robusta and sugarcane bagasse, the Ag–Cu/biochar nanocomposite from Atriplex halimus biomass, and 2D porous graphene nanosheets from cornstalk pith . Graphene was also synthesized by Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera leaves . Porous carbon nanoparticles were recently synthesized from garlic peels, activated carbon was prepared from the palm kernel shell, silver-functionalized biochar was synthesized from Chenopodium ambrosioides biomass, porous-activated carbon synthesized from arhar stalks, and carbon quantum dots were produced from the corn stalk shell …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Graphene was also synthesized by Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera leaves. 9 Porous carbon nanoparticles were recently synthesized from garlic peels, 20 activated carbon was prepared from the palm kernel shell, 21 silver-functionalized biochar was synthesized from Chenopodium ambrosioides biomass, 22 porous-activated carbon synthesized from arhar stalks, 23 and carbon quantum dots were produced from the corn stalk shell. 24 Pyrolysis of biomass can produce highly porous graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater by a Novel Phyto-Graphene Composite Derived from Palm Byproducts

2022

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The increased demand for clean water especially in overpopulated countries is of great concern; thus, the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective techniques and materials that can remediate polluted water for possible reuse in agricultural purposes can offer a life-saving solution to improve human welfare, especially in view of climate change impacts. In the current study, the agricultural byproducts of palm trees have been used for the first time as a carbon source to produce graphene functionalized with ferrocene in a composite form to enhance its water treatment potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman techniques have been used to characterize the produced materials. SEM investigations confirmed the formation of multiple sheets of the graphene composite. Data collected from the zeta potential revealed that graphene was supported with a negative surface charge that maintains its stability while XRD elucidated that graphene characteristic peaks were evident at 2θ = 22.4 and 22.08° using palm leaves and fibers, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to find out the most suitable conditions to remove PO4 3– from wastewater by applying different parameters, including pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and time. Their effect on the adsorption process was also investigated. Results demonstrated that the best adsorption capacity was 58.93 mg/g (removal percentage: 78.57%) using graphene derived from palm fibers at 15 mg L–1 initial concentration, pH = 3, dose = 10 mg, and 60 min contact time. Both linear and non-linear forms of kinetic and isotherm models were investigated. The adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm.

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Plasma‐Based Synthesis of Freestanding Graphene from a Natural Resource for Sensing Application

Zafar

Liu

Hernández

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The bottomup approach, that is, modified Hummers' method, is a well-established chemical synthesis technique to synthesize graphene. However, this technique, not only utilizes strong acids and oxidants [4,5] but also entails numerous steps of synthesis such as dilution, mixing, oxidation, reduction, washing, centrifuging, and intense stirring. [6] On the other hand, some of the bottom-up methods, in particular, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) are expensive and laborious methodologies comprising pre-synthesis and post-synthesis requirements, that is, high vacuum, pre-heating, and subsequent transfer of graphene to other substrates. [7][8][9] Recently, a new bottom-up approach, so-called atmospheric pressure microwave plasma (APMP) is gaining popularity as it synthesizes graphene without the hassles of pre-heating, high vacuuming, and the need for a substrate. Most importantly, the graphene obtained through this method happens to be freestanding and scalable. [10,11] The precursors used for producing graphene have a significant role in determining the sustainability of the synthesis process. Often graphene is produced from commercially available graphite, [12] graphene oxide (GO), [13] methane, or other unreplenishable hydrocarbons. [14] These resources Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma has the lead in synthesizing freestanding and scalable graphene within seconds without the need for high vacuum and temperature. However, the process is limited in utilizing chemical sources for synthesis, such as methane and ethanol. Herein, the usage of an extract of a sustainable precursor, that is, Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree, is for the first time reported to synthesize graphene nanosheets in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. The synthesis is carried out in a single step at a remarkably low microwave power of 200 W. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of graphene are studied using state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The TEM images reveal the presence of a combination of nanostructures such as nano-horns, nano-rods, or nano-onions consisting of multi-layer graphitic architectures. An excellent sensing capability of as-synthesized graphene is demonstrated through the detection of diuron herbicide. A commendable linear range of 20 µm to 1 mm and a limit of detection of 5 µm of diuron is recorded.

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Extraction of Graphene Nanostructures from Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera Leaves and Surface Functionalization with Tin Oxide: Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches

Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches

Efficient Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater by a Novel Phyto-Graphene Composite Derived from Palm Byproducts

Plasma‐Based Synthesis of Freestanding Graphene from a Natural Resource for Sensing Application

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