Extraction of juglone from Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves for dyeing, anti‐fungal finishing, and solar UV protection of wool

Abstract

In many countries, the search for new sources of natural colourants has recently been intense. This paper deals with the extraction procedure, dyeing behaviour, antifungal activity, and ultraviolet protection of Pterocarya fraxinifolia as a new natural source of dyes. Juglone was found as the main extracted compound after characterisation by ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted juglone were then performed to study the dyeability and antifungal activities. Three metal salts, aluminium sulfate, copper sulfate, and iron sulfate, were used as chelating materials. The colorimetric properties of samples were evaluated using a reflectance spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the washing and light fastness properties were tested according to ISO 105‐CO3:1989 and ISO 105‐B01:2014. Interestingly, we found P. fraxinifolia to be a source of strong antifungal compounds against microorganisms. Extracted juglone also exhibited strong protection activity against solar ultraviolet rays.

Ecological dyeing of Woolen yarn with Adhatoda vasica natural dye in the presence of biomordants as an alternative copartner to metal mordants

“…The N-H stretching and bending vibration related to amide I vibration appears at 3280 cm -1 and 1640 cm -1 , respectively. The C=O stretching vibration band, appears in the region between 1630-1670 cm -1 , probably overlapped with amide I vibration (N-H bending) [50]. All characteristics peaks of wool fiber were found in the mordanted samples with low intensities.…”

Evaluation of antimicrobial and dyeing properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk extract for cosmetics

“…(Figure 9a) showed peaks at 3344, 1675, 1584, 1277, 1059, 1151 and 1009 cm À1 belonging to -NH stretching, amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III, cystine monoxide, cystine dioxide and cysteic acid stretches, respectively [25,26]. This analysis was used for the first time here to demonstrate hair protein-natural dye interactions.…”

“…The low peak intensity of -NH and cysteic acid stretching may be due to resonance between the amine chains and C=O groups in juglone, and/or formation of new bonds [25][26][27]. Amide-I and amide-II peaks merged as a broad peak.…”

“…Interaction was observed by changes and shifts in the spectra peaks of hair proteins when bound to mordants and natural pigments. (Figure 9a) showed peaks at 3344, 1675, 1584, 1277, 1059, 1151 and 1009 cm À1 belonging to -NH stretching, amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III, cystine monoxide, cystine dioxide and cysteic acid stretches, respectively [25,26].…”

“…Amide-III, cystine monoxide and cystine dioxide bands in the dyed hair protein solution with natural dye shifted to 1269, 1055 and 1122 cm À1 , which indicated the involvement of amine groups in the interaction between hair protein and colorant molecules. The low peak intensity of -NH and cysteic acid stretching may be due to resonance between the amine chains and C=O groups in juglone, and/or formation of new bonds [25][26][27]. Shift in the peaks for amide-III, cysteine monoxide and cysteine dioxide bands of dyed hair protein solution with husk extract and ferrous sulphate also demonstrated the interaction of hair protein with colorant molecules and mordant.…”