Extraction of Limonin from Orange (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco) Seeds by the Flash Extraction Method

Abstract

A flash extraction method was investigated for mass production of limonin from orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seeds. The limonin was extracted by using flash extraction for 2 min. The extraction conditions optimized by response surface methodology were as follows: ethanol concentration, 72% (v/v); solvent/solid ratio, 29:1 mL/g; rotational speed, 4000 r/min. The limonin was crystallized from the mixed solution of dichloromethane and isopropanol (1:3) at 4 o C for 1 h. The limonin crystals were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and from their infrared spectrum (IR). The purity of limonin was 95%, the yield of limonin was 6.8 mg/g and the recovery yield of limonin was 97.1%. Thus, flash extraction is an efficient method for the mass production of limonin.

Flash Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Oil from <i>Elaeagnus mollis</i> Diels Seeds

“…The extraction yield by Soxhlet method was 49.6 , therefore, the extraction rate by flash extraction reached 99.4 . The flash extraction time of 2 min is in accordance with the previous study on the mass production of limonin from orange seeds 14 . The advantage of flash extraction is rapid and efficient that the extraction time is extremely short and generally less than 3 min.…”

“…This apparatus was developed by Liu et al and is composed of a high-speed 4000 g two-layer cutter head with gap of 0.3 mm 14 . The single factor study was carried out as one factor was changed while the others kept stable in each experiment.…”

“…Flash extraction is a simple, efficient and inexpensive method developed in recent years; this method combines the effects of soaking, pulverizing, stirring, vibrating by a high-speed rotating cutter head Fig. 1 , and the schematic drawing and working principle can refer to a previous study 14 . Flash extraction has been widely used to extract natural products from plant materials, e.g.…”

“…Flash extraction has been widely used to extract natural products from plant materials, e.g. shikonin from Arnebia euchroma 15 , limonin from orange seeds 14 .…”

Partition Behavior in Aqueous Two-Phase System and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba

“…The F-value (13.3) of the regression model (p < 0.01) showed a high significance, confirming the adequacy of the quadratic model. The high value of the determination coefficient R 2 (0.9447) demonstrated that the model adequately represented a real relationship between the independent variables, which showed that 94% of the variation in the response could be explained by the model [25]. The p-value for the lack of fit (0.442) implied that the lack of fit was not significant compared to the pure error.…”