Extraction of lithium from brines with high Mg/Li ratio by the crystallization-precipitation method

Improved Performance of a Ni, Co-Doped LiMn2O4 Electrode for Lithium Extraction from Brine

“…5−9 Lime-soda evaporation has been used in mass production; however, this method suffers from some major issues, e.g., low efficiency, high energy consumption, and long time consumption. 10,11 Ion exchange has high selectivity for Li + ; however, this method raises environmental concerns owing to the acid wash procedure for regeneration of ion-exchange absorbents. 12−14 Solvent extrac-tion is suitable for treating brine with a high magnesium− lithium ratio; however, plenty of organic solvents are used in this process, causing environmental pollution.…”

“…Currently, a variety of methods for Li + extraction from salt lakes have been developed, including lime-soda evaporation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, adsorption, membrane method, and electrochemical extraction. − Lime-soda evaporation has been used in mass production; however, this method suffers from some major issues, e.g., low efficiency, high energy consumption, and long time consumption. , Ion exchange has high selectivity for Li + ; however, this method raises environmental concerns owing to the acid wash procedure for regeneration of ion-exchange absorbents. − Solvent extraction is suitable for treating brine with a high magnesium–lithium ratio; however, plenty of organic solvents are used in this process, causing environmental pollution. , Ion-sieve adsorption presents excellent selectivity for Li ions; however, this method still has some drawbacks, such as the risk of environmental pollution, slow adsorption rates, and poor recyclability. Membrane separation is a pure physical separation operation.…”

Adsorption of Li(I) Ions through New High-Performance Electrospun PAN/Kaolin Nanofibers: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Calculation

“…Currently, several techniques are available for Li­(I) extraction from salt-lake brines, such as precipitation, extraction, , membrane separation and coupling, salt-gradient solar ponds, , and adsorption methods . Nowadays, the adsorption method is one of the promising techniques to extract Li­(I) from salt lakes, owing to the advantages of high efficiency, simplicity of operation, and low energy consumption .…”

Fabricating a Flow-Through Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Cell for Selective Recovery of Lithium Ions

“…Over the past decades, significant effort has been made to recover lithium from brines and seawater by precipitation, − solvent extraction, , adsorption, − and membrane separation. − Despite these advances, efficient but selective uptake of lithium from aqueous solutions is still a significant challenge. For instance, the precipitation route is often suitable for aqueous solutions containing high-concentration Li but a low Mg/Li ratio. , The solvent extraction for lithium separation usually uses hazard organic solvents inevitably. , Although the adsorption method is promising for recovering lithium at a low concentration, the harmful acid is always required to leach out lithium. ,, In addition, the high cost of separation membranes will limit their scale-up applications .…”

“…Over the past decades, significant effort has been made to recover lithium from brines and seawater by precipitation, − solvent extraction, , adsorption, − and membrane separation. − Despite these advances, efficient but selective uptake of lithium from aqueous solutions is still a significant challenge. For instance, the precipitation route is often suitable for aqueous solutions containing high-concentration Li but a low Mg/Li ratio. , The solvent extraction for lithium separation usually uses hazard organic solvents inevitably. , Although the adsorption method is promising for recovering lithium at a low concentration, the harmful acid is always required to leach out lithium. ,, In addition, the high cost of separation membranes will limit their scale-up applications . Electrochemistry-based technologies with low energy consumption, superior selectivity toward lithium, and environmental friendliness have attracted widespread attention. − Among them, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been developed for separating charged ionic species from aqueous solutions by electrochemical or electrostatic interactions, which is regarded as an emerging water desalination technique. − Since carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, and carbon black) possess a high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, they are widely used as electrode materials for CDI to remove ionic species (e.g., Cr 6+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , , nitrate, , perchlorate, sulfate, , and Li +51 ) from water.…”