Extraction of magnesium from four Finnish magnesium silicate rocks for CO2 mineralisation - Part 1: Thermal solid/solid extraction

Koivisto, Evelina; Erlund, Rickard; Fagerholm, Mats; Zevenhoven, Ron

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.07.005

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thereby, the reactivity of silicates rocks must be carefully assessed. A detailed appraisal may greatly improve CCSM efficiency (Erlund et al, 2016;Gadikota et al, 2014b;Styles et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of physicochemical properties of Brazilian serpentinites on the leaching process for indirect CO2 mineral carbonation

et al. 2017

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pH-swing mineral carbonation is kinetically favorable and requires a short reaction time. It must also obtain a high extraction rate for reactive elements in the leaching process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of different serpentinite rocks in the leaching processes; the reactivity of Brazilian serpentinite rocks (such as: S-GO and S-MG) is analyzed based on physicochemical properties in order to understand their relationship to leaching efficiency. Surface area-to-volume ratio (S BET /V p) and metals-to-silicon ratio (Σ(Mg, Ca)/Si) were used to measure reactivity. Leaching was carried out to determine Mg and Fe extraction. Reaction conditions for both serpentinite rocks were: 355-250 μm particle size, 4 M HCl concentration, 100°C, and 2 h of reaction time. Characterization results show that both serpentinite rocks (S-GO and S-MG) have high magnesium (Mg) content. S BET /V p was 36 for S-GO and 29 for S-MG, while Σ(Mg, Ca)/Si was 2.64 for S-GO and 1.20 for S-MG. These results suggest that S-GO is approximately 50% more reactive than S-MG, and that S-MG is limited by low accessible surface (S BET /V p) and the high mineralogical complexity (Σ(Mg, Ca)/Si). Leaching results confirmed the reactivity; Mg and Fe extraction from S-GO was 94 ± 1%. However, results for S-MG were 34% for Mg and 60% for Fe. In order to increase the reactivity of S-MG, particle size was reduced to 75-63 μm. Even though S-MG was mechanically activated, Mg and Fe extraction has not increased significantly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of physicochemical properties of Brazilian serpentinites on the leaching process for indirect CO2 mineral carbonation

et al. 2017

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“…Obviously these require the processing of large amounts of material if Mg (hydro‐)carbonates are aimed at, but if also the Ca‐ and Fe‐ content can be exploited then these materials, readily available at negligible cost, have potential. Both dry (using the thermal, first process step of the ÅA routes) and wet (using aqueous solutions with a range of different solvents) were used to extract Mg (and Ca) from the rocks …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important finding was that ABS/AS mixtures give somewhat better results than AS but similar to the use of ABS. Interestingly, AS gives more extracted Fe than ABS and ABS/AS …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serpentinite Carbonation Process Routes using Ammonium Sulfate and Integration in Industry

et al. 2017

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Vast resources of serpenitinite rock available worldwide are capable of binding CO2 amounts that diminish the capacity of methods based on geological storage of CO2. R&D has been ongoing in Finland for many years on developing large‐scale application of process routes for serpentinite carbonation. Several routes have been assessed in the laboratory, in all cases using ammonium salts to extract magnesium from rock followed by carbonation either in a gas/solid reactor at elevated temperatures and pressures or in an aqueous solution at ambient conditions. The choice for either route is motivated by the CO2‐producing source, (waste) heat availability, the magnesium (hydro‐)carbonate product aimed at, and a preference for energy efficiency or simplicity. Rocks from several locations have been analysed. A special issue is the recovery of the ammonium flux salt, typically from an aqueous solution. As for application, several industry sectors are considered, such as a (natural gas fired) power plant, a lime kiln, or iron‐ and steelmaking, applying mineral carbonation (MC) to blast furnace top gas. The analysis includes life cycle assessment (LCA). Finally, the use of magnesium (hydro‐)carbonates for heat storage is addressed.

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“…As mentioned earlier, nesquehonite (NQ) is a product of a CCSM process and precipitated in a solution containing MgSO 4 into which ammonia and CO 2 are absorbed [8][9][10][11]. At temperatures above 50 • C hydromagnesite (HM) and ammonium sulphate are formed according to reaction (R3) and below 50 • C NQ and ammonium sulphate are formed [8,20,21].…”

Section: Production Of Nesquehonitementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration of Magnesium Carbonate in a Thermal Energy Storage Process and Its Heating Application Design

Erlund

Zevenhoven

2018

Energies

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First ideas of applications design using magnesium (hydro) carbonates mixed with silica gel for day/night and seasonal thermal energy storage are presented. The application implies using solar (or another) heat source for heating up the thermal energy storage (dehydration) unit during daytime or summertime, of which energy can be discharged (hydration) during night-time or winter. The applications can be used in small houses or bigger buildings. Experimental data are presented, determining and analysing kinetics and operating temperatures for the applications. In this paper the focus is on the hydration part of the process, which is the more challenging part, considering conversion and kinetics. Various operating temperatures for both the reactor and the water (storage) tank are tested and the favourable temperatures are presented and discussed. Applications both using ground heat for water vapour generation and using water vapour from indoor air are presented. The thermal energy storage system with mixed nesquehonite (NQ) and silica gel (SG) can use both low (25-50%) and high (75%) relative humidity (RH) air for hydration. The hydration at 40% RH gives a thermal storage capacity of 0.32 MJ/kg while 75% RH gives a capacity of 0.68 MJ/kg.

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Extraction of magnesium from four Finnish magnesium silicate rocks for CO2 mineralisation - Part 1: Thermal solid/solid extraction

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of physicochemical properties of Brazilian serpentinites on the leaching process for indirect CO2 mineral carbonation

Influence of physicochemical properties of Brazilian serpentinites on the leaching process for indirect CO2 mineral carbonation

Serpentinite Carbonation Process Routes using Ammonium Sulfate and Integration in Industry

Hydration of Magnesium Carbonate in a Thermal Energy Storage Process and Its Heating Application Design

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