Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Thelephora ganbajun Mushroom by an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract against Human Cancer Cells

Abstract

The Thelephora ganbajun mushroom has been found to be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique together with GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvents (ethanol and water) was used to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Five extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, solvent to solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and ultrasound power) were investigated by single-factor experiments, and then a central composite rotatable design was employed to study interaction of three key extraction parameters. The optimum conditions were as follows: 57.38% ethanol, 70.15 mL/g solvent to solid ratio, 10.58 min extraction time, 40 °C extraction temperature and 500 W ultrasound power. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activity obtained was 346.98 ± 12.19 µmol Trolox/g DW, in accordance with the predicted value of 344.67 µmol Trolox/g DW. Comparison of UAE with conventional maceration and Soxhlet extraction, the UAE method showed stronger extract efficiency in a shorter extraction time. These results showed that UAE was an effective technique to extract antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Furthermore, the extracts obtained under the optimized conditions exhibited antiproliferative activities toward human lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells, especially for liver and lung cancer cells. In addition, rutin, 2-hydrocinnamic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract, which might contribute to antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Exotic Gordonia axillaris Fruit: Optimization and Identification of Phenolic Compounds

“…The Soxhlet extraction was conducted according to the method reported by Xu et al [ 60 ]. The ground powder (0.500 g) of Gordonia axillaris fruit was wrapped with Whatman filter paper, and placed into a Soxhlet extractor.…”

Effects of non-traditional extraction methods on extracting bioactive compounds from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) compared with hot water extraction

“…Enzyme and ultrasound extractions are known to be economical and environmentally friendly because they could efficiently recover bioactive compounds with less energy, time, and solvent. (Xu et al, 2016;Rodrigues et al, 2017). The objective of this study was to determine bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in chaga mushroom extracts prepared by non-traditional extraction methods such as high temperature and pressure, enzyme, and ultrasound, compared with hot water extraction.…”

Nutrient mobilization, growth and field survival of <em>Pinus pringlei</em> inoculated with three ectomycorrhizal mushrooms

“…In addition, Ha and Lt constitute a non-timber forest resource with great cultural, social and economic importance in Central Mexico, as they are frequently used as food (Pérez-Moreno et al 2010, Montoya et al 2014, Carrasco-Hernández et al 2015). In the case of Tt although it has not been registered as an edible species, the genus includes Thelephora gambajun, which has a high food and medicinal value in China due to its antioxidant properties and high content of aminophenol used in production of paracetamol (Mortimer et al 2012, Xu et al 2016. Therefore, the evaluated ECMF showed a great biotechnological potential in the production of P. pringlei, a native species from Mexico with great forest possibility use.…”