Extraction of Natural Products by Direct Formation of Eutectic Systems

Abstract

A eutectic system forms when two or more substances reorganize into a superlattice that has a lower melting point than each of the individual components. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are environmentally friendly solvents often used for the dissolution, extraction, and separation of chemical compounds. Instead of using DESs for extraction, hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) or hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) can be used to form a deep eutectic system (DESys) directly with the target compound for one-step dissolution and extraction. The feasibility of direct formation of a DESys for high efficiency extraction was demonstrated with turmeric as the extraction target. The data showed that the target compounds indeed directly interacted with HBAs (and for other compounds, HBDs), which increases process efficiency and reduces the time required for target compounds to compete with another HBD (or HBA) to form hydrogen bonds. In addition, the results showed that the target compounds have different physicochemical properties in DESys and DES, which resulted in different analytical behaviors of the targets. This research may lead to changes in how eutectic systems are used and the development of new applications based on the formation of DESys.

Impact of Conventional and Sustainable Solvents on the Yield, Selectivity, and Recovery of Curcuminoids from Turmeric

“…In addition, a recent study demonstrated the direct use of ChCl DESs using malonic acid, lactic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, urea, and methyl urea for the extraction of curcuminoids . The results demonstrated that ChCl/ethylene glycol (1:4) provided the best extraction yield of curcuminoids of 2.543 mg/g . In comparison to our current work, DES-B5 exhibits the greater extraction yield (55.86 mg/g), compared to the method using ChCl/ethylene glycol DES solvent recently published.…”

“…Although the CHEM21 toolkit demonstrated that ethanol had the lowest PMI for curcuminoid extraction under ultrasonication, the overall results suggested that DES-B5 had the greenest performance for curcuminoid extraction on account of its excellent properties, including high yields, biodegradability, low toxicity, being inexpensive, and readily available. In addition, a recent study demonstrated the direct use of ChCl DESs using malonic acid, lactic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, urea, and methyl urea for the extraction of curcuminoids . The results demonstrated that ChCl/ethylene glycol (1:4) provided the best extraction yield of curcuminoids of 2.543 mg/g .…”

Structural Self-Destruction of Deep Eutectic Solvents Induced the Formation of Unusual Diamond-Shaped Crystals of Honokiol and Its Mechanistic Study

“…The melting points of DESs are much lower than those of the individual components . Multiple excellent advantages of DESs, such as easy synthesis, low cost, less toxicity, environment friendliness, and good biocompatibility, make them attractive in various fields, including synthesis, catalysis, extraction, drug delivery, and so forth. − In the recent five years, DESs have shown the potential as alternative solvents to regulate the crystallization process and tailor the crystal structure. , Belviso et al published the first study of protein crystallization in DESs and found that the crystallization rate could be regulated by tuning DES hydration . Hall’s group found that polymorphs of paracetamol and metaxalone could be obtained from volatile DESs by adjusting the molar ratios of DES components .…”

Preparation of Dissolving Pulp by Combined Mechanical and Deep Eutectic Solvent Treatment

“…It also has the characteristics of low cost, easy preparation, and high recyclability [ 11 ]. In recent years, DESs have shown potential application value in bio-catalysis [ 12 ], natural product extraction [ 13 ], electrodeposition [ 14 ], material synthesis [ 15 ], and extraction of bioactive components [ 16 ]. Like ionic liquids, DESs also have a good delignification effect.…”