“…Additionally, previous studies have shown that liquefied DME can extract a variety of functional substances, such as astaxanthin [50,51], fucoxanthin [52], lutein [29,53], resveratrol and its glycosides [54], catechins and caffeine [55], tocopherol [56], gingerols and capsaicin [27]. Among these substances, carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, fucoxanthin and lutein, are hydrophobic, therefore difficult to encapsulate into liposomes by mechanical methods.…”