Extraction of phenolics and anthocyanins from purple eggplant peels by multi-frequency ultrasound: Effects of different extraction factors and optimization using uniform design
“…5 (a) shows the dynamic evolution of bubble with time under low- and low-frequency combination (40 + 20 kHz) and single-frequency mode (20 kHz and 40 kHz). It was found that the change in bubble amplitude of dual-frequency ultrasound is stronger that of all other single-frequency modes, which is similar to our previous experimental research results [68] , where the extraction yields of TPC and TMA by six low- and low-frequency combinations (25 + 40 kHz, 25 + 70 kHz, 25 + 90 kHz, 40 + 70 kHz, 25 + 90 kHz, and 70 + 90 kHz) were found to be higher as compared to single-frequency ultrasound. Fig.…”
“…5 (a) shows the dynamic evolution of bubble with time under low- and low-frequency combination (40 + 20 kHz) and single-frequency mode (20 kHz and 40 kHz). It was found that the change in bubble amplitude of dual-frequency ultrasound is stronger that of all other single-frequency modes, which is similar to our previous experimental research results [68] , where the extraction yields of TPC and TMA by six low- and low-frequency combinations (25 + 40 kHz, 25 + 70 kHz, 25 + 90 kHz, 40 + 70 kHz, 25 + 90 kHz, and 70 + 90 kHz) were found to be higher as compared to single-frequency ultrasound. Fig.…”
“…Maintaining around 50% ethanol concentration is essential for optimal extraction. Similar findings have shown that too low or too high ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent is unfavorable for the extraction of total phenolic and TPC, or total monomeric anthocyanins from eggplant peels (Liao et al, 2022) .…”
Section: Total Phenolic Compound Extractionsupporting
This study delves into the influence of varying solvent compositions on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant activities of extracts from Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija leaves and stems. The extraction process is conducted using ultrasound-assisted extraction via an ultrasonic bath. Employing a surface mixture design approach, we explored the singular use of water (W), methanol (M), and ethanol (E), as well as their combinations. The outcomes demonstrate that solvents' compositions significantly influence the extraction of TPC, with noteworthy synergistic effects observed in specific combinations, such as a ratio of W:M (1/2:1/2). The scavenging activity of DPPH and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also evaluated, indicating that certain combinations of solvents, particularly those involving methanol and water, enhance the antioxidant activities. The results reveal that solvent compositions significantly influence TPC extraction, with notable synergistic effects observed in specific mixtures, such as W:M (1/2:1/2). The Pareto chart analysis highlights the substantial contributions of methanol, ethanol, and water to TPC recovery and antioxidant activities. The findings underscore the importance of solvent optimization for extracting bioactive compounds, providing valuable insights for researchers and industries seeking to harness the full potential of this species in various applications.
“…Kaur et al [ 15 ] found that moderate UAE times but high US power were the most efficient conditions for Java plum pomace extraction. Liao et al [ 16 ] described the time effect of UAE on the TPC of eggplant peel extract. The TPC increased gradually as the time prolonged, but after reaching a critical time point—35 min in this case—the TPC started to decrease.…”
An investigation of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenol-rich aqueous extracts from blackberry, chokeberry and raspberry pomaces was carried out. The aim of the study was to choose optimal conditions for UAE in order to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds. The optimization was carried out based on response surface methodology. The variable conditions were amplitude of ultrasound wave and extraction time, whereas responses were total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. Based on the ANOVA analysis, mathematical models were fitted and verified. The most effective conditions of amplitude and time were 98% and 5.00 min, 78% and 10.32 min and 90% and 11.56 min for blackberry pomace, chokeberry pomace and raspberry pomace, respectively. The actual results obtained in optimized conditions were comparable to the results predicted by the models. Additionally, the anthocyanin content in extracts was determined in the high-performance liquid chromatography assay. It was proven that response surface methodology could be a useful tool in the optimization of UAE processes for obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from berry fruit pomaces.
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