Extraction of phycoerythrin from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed using ultrasonication

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is type of red seaweed that widely cultivated in Indonesia. K. alvarezii contains phycobiliproteins mainly phycoerythrin which is commonly used as natural dyes in food and cosmetics, fluorescent, and analytical reagents. Phycoerythrin is generally extracted from red seaweed using buffer phosphate with freeze thawing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extraction time using ultrasonic waves on the characteristics of phycoerythrin. The maximum absorbance was formed at a wavelength of 499, 534, and 564 nm. Ultrasonic extraction treatment for 30 min and precipitation 60% ammonium sulfate were the best treatments, which had a pigment concentration of 1.9102 mg/mL, purity index 0.8311, and protein concentration of 0.5206 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity possessed by the phycoerythrin pigment is categorized as strong to very strong.

Valorization of the chemical diversity of the tropical red seaweeds Acanthophora and Kappaphycus and their applications in aquaculture: A review

“…Studies in K. alvarezii reported the presence of R-PE (Naguit and Tisera, 2009;Heriyanto et al, 2015;Banu et al, 2017;Deepika, 2018;Uju et al, 2020), R-PC, Chl a, chlorophyllide a, pheophytin, acryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, bcarotene, a-carotene, trans-fucoxanthin and other unidentified pigments (Naguit and Tisera, 2009;Heriyanto et al, 2015;Brotosudarmo et al, 2018) (Table 5). Variation of their composition between strains, depths of cultivation and subjection to stress conditions such as UV radiation have also been documented (Eswaran et al, 2001;Schmidt et al, 2010).…”

“…The strategies to improve yield and chemical stability of PE and PC have been recently reviewed (Hsieh-Lo et al, 2019). Extraction optimization of pigments such as R-PE (Uju et al, 2020), b-carotene and chlorophyll (Baskararaj et al, 2019) and carrageenan (Mahyati and Azis, 2019) from K. alvarezii has been reported. (Freitas et al, 2021) provided an interesting review of the chemical diversity of the different pigments produced by red seaweeds and their biotechnological applications along with the number of patents registered.…”

Macroalgae biorefineries as a sustainable resource in the extraction of value-added compounds

“…Emerging green technologies have also been considered as alternatives for phycoerythrin extraction such as microwave (MAE) and ultrasound (UAE) methodologies, while MAE is recognized for its extraction capacity by using heat sources without the addition of solvents, UAE stands out for the superior potential to perform cell disruption, allowing better accessibility to the extraction of bioactive compounds [14][15][16]. Better yields and process capacities have reported for both technologies, in comparison with conventional extraction techniques [6], with UAE ranking first [17].…”

An extensive review of marine pigments: sources, biotechnological applications, and sustainability

“…Besides, phycoerythrin showed strong antioxidant activity Uju et al. ( 2020 ) Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Centrifugation The extract is a promising alternative to the treatment and prevention of melanoma skin cancers, without producing toxicity in erythrocyte cells Patil et al. ( 2016 ) Prodigiosin Serratia marcescens Centrifugation The pigment loaded in chitosan microparticles showed anticancer properties in breast cancer cells Dozie-Nwachukwu et al.…”