Extraction of potassium p-nitrophenoxide with macrocyclic crown ethers and cryptands from aqueous medium into diverse organic solvents: a systematic evaluation

Buncel, Erwin; Shin, H. S.; Bannard, R. A. B.; Purdon, J. G.; Cox, Brian G.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(84)80174-5

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a parallel systematic study, the extraction of potassium phenoxide with macrocyclic ligands from aqueous medium into diverse organic solvents was investigated (6). In the present study we report the results of an investigation on the extraction of alkaline-earth ortho-and para-nitrophenoxides from aqueous medium into methylene chloride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Equation [6] follows directly from eq. [4] and the definition of small, or when the ligand partitions almost exclusively into the organic phase.…”

Section: Barium O-and P-nitrophenoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] and the definition of small, or when the ligand partitions almost exclusively into the organic phase. Equation [6] then reduces to eq. [7].…”

Section: Barium O-and P-nitrophenoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All solutions (aqueous and organic), however, were analysed by uv, and any AIOH present was readily distinguished from AIO-by virtue of its different absorption maxima. In other respects the extraction procedure was as previously described (5,6). Control experiments showed that none of the nitrophenoxide salts were extracted in the absence of ligand.…”

Section: Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true when the charge on the accompanying anion is highly delocalized as, for example, in the picrate anion (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of alkaline-earth metal ortho- and para-nitrophenoxides from aqueous media by crown ether and cryptand complexing agents

Cox¹,

Buncel²,

Shin³

et al. 1986

Can. J. Chem.

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. Can. J. Chem. 64,920 (1986).A study has been performed on the extraction of alkaline-earth metal ortho-and para-nitrophenoxides, from aqueous medium into methylene chloride, in the presence of crown ether and cryptand complexing agents. The results are analyzed in terms of the various constituent complexation and extraction equilibria involved. Comparison is drawn with our previously reported study on extraction of potassium p-nitrophenoxide. The different anion stoichiometries in the two systems result in relatively more favorable extraction of M+ systems at low anion concentrations. Furthermore, while extraction of MX (X = o-or p-nitrophenoxide) can be carried out in the presence of excess MOH, this is not possible in the case of MX2 due to the limited solubility of M(OH)2. The addition of excess MOH leads to more efficient extraction of M+-phenoxides and prevents hydrolysis to free phenols. A noteworthy point in both MX and MX2 systems is that at high concentrations of complexing agent a saturation effect occurs, which limits the overall extent of extraction achievable. Under these conditions the extraction is governed by the equilibrium constant, Kdcs, representing the partitioning of the complexed salt between the aqueous and organic phases, and is independent of the amount of ligand present. [Traduit par la revue] Introduction Efficient extraction of alkali-metal salts from aqueous media into organic solvents is often observed in the presence of macrocyclic complexing agents. This is especially true when the charge on the accompanying anion is highly delocalized as, for example, in the picrate anion (1-6).Studies of extraction equilibria have considerable practical importance in relation to phase-transfer catalysis (7,8) and analytical applications (9), and are also frequently used for comparative purposes in estimating the complexing capabilities

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Equation [6] follows directly from eq. [4] and the definition of small, or when the ligand partitions almost exclusively into the organic phase.…”

Section: Barium O-and P-nitrophenoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] and the definition of small, or when the ligand partitions almost exclusively into the organic phase. Equation [6] then reduces to eq. [7].…”

Section: Barium O-and P-nitrophenoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true when the charge on the accompanying anion is highly delocalized as, for example, in the picrate anion (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Extraction of alkaline-earth metal ortho- and para-nitrophenoxides from aqueous media by crown ether and cryptand complexing agents

Cox¹,

Buncel²,

Shin³

et al. 1986

Can. J. Chem.

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Bindungsmechanismen in supramolekularen Komplexen

Schneider

2009

Angewandte Chemie

185

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Kräfte‐Sammelsurium: Supramolekulare Komplexe, wie der gezeigte, beruhen meist auf einer Kombination unterschiedlichster Wechselwirkungen, wie Ionenpaarbildung, Wasserstoffbrücken und Stapelwechselwirkungen. Die nicht immer einfache Charakterisierung von Natur und Stärke der intermolekularen Kräfte liefert Beiträge zum Verständnis biomimetischer Systeme wie auch zum Design von synthetischen Rezeptoren, Wirkstoffen und intelligenten Materialien. Die supramolekulare Chemie hat in den letzten Jahren eine enorme Ausdehnung erfahren, sowohl mit Blick auf mögliche Anwendungen wie auch auf analoge biologische Systeme. Bildung und Funktion supramolekularer Komplexe werden durch eine Vielzahl von oft schwer zu differenzierenden nichtkovalenten Kräften bestimmt. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die entscheidenden Wechselwirkungsmechanismen zusammenhängend darzustellen und das Gesamtgebiet auf diese Weise zu klassifizieren. Als Beispiele werden meist organische Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexe gewählt, unter Berücksichtigung auch von biologisch relevanten Fragestellungen. Das Verständnis und die Quantifizierung der intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen ist für die rationale Planung neuer supramolekularer Systeme, einschließlich intelligenter Materialien, ebenso von Bedeutung wie für die Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe.

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Binding Mechanisms in Supramolecular Complexes

2009

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Supramolecular chemistry has expanded dramatically in recent years both in terms of potential applications and in its relevance to analogous biological systems. The formation and function of supramolecular complexes occur through a multiplicity of often difficult to differentiate noncovalent forces. The aim of this Review is to describe the crucial interaction mechanisms in context, and thus classify the entire subject. In most cases, organic host-guest complexes have been selected as examples, but biologically relevant problems are also considered. An understanding and quantification of intermolecular interactions is of importance both for the rational planning of new supramolecular systems, including intelligent materials, as well as for developing new biologically active agents.

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Extraction of potassium p-nitrophenoxide with macrocyclic crown ethers and cryptands from aqueous medium into diverse organic solvents: a systematic evaluation

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Extraction of alkaline-earth metal ortho- and para-nitrophenoxides from aqueous media by crown ether and cryptand complexing agents

Extraction of alkaline-earth metal ortho- and para-nitrophenoxides from aqueous media by crown ether and cryptand complexing agents

Bindungsmechanismen in supramolekularen Komplexen

Binding Mechanisms in Supramolecular Complexes

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