Extraction of rare earth elements from waste products of phosphate industry

Soukeur, A.; Szymczyk, Anthony; Berbar, Yassine; Amara, Mourad

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117857

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, chromium (III) is not extracted. This is in line with those of previous studies by (Soukeur et al, 2021) who report that anionic exchange reaction occurs for the anionic metal complexes extraction using basic types of carrier. An observation result has been done to confirm this phenomenon where the color changes from yellow to blue.…”

Section: Effect Of Internal Phase Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Emulsion liquid membrane modeling for chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using TOMAC as a carrier

Othman

Noah

Sulaiman

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Hexavalent chromium, emanating primarily from the electroplating industries, can be reduced to the less toxic trivalent variety by several methods, including emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). In this work, studies on the continuous removal of chromium from authentic electroplating wastewater by ELM are reported. The effects of treat ratio, external feed phase, and stripping agent concentration were examined. A mathematical boundary breakage model was used to study the extraction efficiency of chromium through the ELM process. The model representing the prediction of ELM extraction performance for chromium was validated through the comparison between the simulation and experimental results. The result showed the simulation model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental result. Almost 100% of 40 ppm chromium in the external feed phase was extracted within 3 to 5 min using 0.022 M TOMAC as extractant, 1.0 M acidic thiourea in the internal phase, and 1 to 5 of treat ratio. © 2021 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner Points• Hexavalent chromium, emanating primarily from electroplating industries, can be reduced to the less toxic trivalent using ELM process. • The developed method was tested for its applicability with predominant species of Cr 2 O 7 2− in real rinse electroplating wastewater. • The extraction efficiency (%) of Cr (VI) was almost 100% for 40 ppm Cr in the external feed phase within 3 to 5 min. • The result showed the simulation model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental result.

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Section: Effect Of Internal Phase Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Emulsion liquid membrane modeling for chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using TOMAC as a carrier

Othman

Noah

Sulaiman

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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“…Yield: 0.12 g (7%); Raman (80 mW, in cm −1 ) ν: 3078 (38), 3051 (31), 3035 (27), 3024 (27), 3018 (27), 2991 (33), 2962 (64), 2931 (100), 2908 (84), 2898 (88), 2875 (93), 2862 (82), 1600 (19), 1456 (11), 1448 (9), 1001 (14), 104 (11), 73 (21); IR (ATR, in cm −1 ) ν: 2958 (w), 2928 (w), 2874 (vw), 2860 (vw), 1593 (vw), 1568 (w), 1537 (w), 1500 (vw), 1456 (w), 1408 (vw), 1381 (vw), 1344 (vw), 1273 (vw), 1240 (vw), 1190 (vw), 1153 (w), 1109 (vw), 1007 (m), 978 (m), 933 (vw), 908 (vw), 870 (vw), 852 (vw), 806 (vw), 783 (vw), 756 (w), 727 (vw), 704 (w), 688 (w), 646 (vw), 611 (vw), 579 (w), 505 (vw), 480 (vw), 436 (vw); 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 K, in ppm): δ 0.87−0.92 (12H, m, H10/H12), 1.28−1.47 (16H, m, H7/ H8/H9/H11), 1.58 (2H, sept, 3 This compound was prepared according to the general procedure described in Section 4.6: 2c (97%, 2.57 g, 7.15 mmol) in 40 mL of CH 3 CN and phenylhydrazine (0.71 mL, 7.22 mmol), stirred for 0.5 h at r.t., then washed with CH 3 CN (24 mL), stirred for 0.5 h at r.t. in diglyme (40 mL), and then washed with CH 3 CN (15 mL); refluxing was for 1 h to yield the product as a pale brown solid after column chromatography.…”

Section: General Procedures For the Synthesis Of Different Phosphoryl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 K, in ppm): δ 1.25 (6H, d,3 J HH = 6.3 Hz, H6a), 1.36 (6H, d,3 J HH = 6.2 Hz, H6b), 2.25 (3H, s, H4), 4.59 (2H, d sept,3 J HP = 7.7 Hz, 3 J HH = 6.3 Hz, H5), 7.22 (1H, t, 3 J HH = 7.4 Hz, H11), 7.39 (2H, mt, 3 J HH = 8.0 Hz, H10), 7.76 (2H, md, 3 J HH = 7.7 Hz, H9); 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 K, in ppm): δ 13.9 (1C, s, C4), 23.7 (2C, d,3 J CP = 5 Hz, C6a), 24.0 (2C, d,3 J CP = 4 Hz, C6b), 71.5 (2C, d, 2 J CP = 5 Hz, C5), 85.2 (1C, d, 1 J CP = 219 Hz, C2), 121.2 (2C, s, C9), 126.5 (1C, s, C11), 129.0 (2C, s, C10), 137.8 (1C, s, C8), 149.4 (1C, d, 2 J CP = 10 Hz, C3), 159.1 (1C, d, 2 J CP = 23 Hz, C1);31 P NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 K, in ppm): δ 15.1 (t, 3 J HH = 8.2 Hz); elemental analysis (in %) for C 16 H 23 N 2 O 4 P calcd: C, 56.80; H, 6.85; N, 8.28. Found: C, 56.82; H, 6.71; N, 8.20.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Tunable 4-Phosphoryl Pyrazolone Receptors for Selective Rare-Earth Separation

et al. 2023

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Highly selective rare-earth separation has become increasingly important due to the indispensable role of these elements in various cutting-edge technologies including clean energy. However, the similar physicochemical properties of rare-earth elements (REEs) render their separation very challenging, and the development of new selective receptors for these elements is potentially of very considerable economic and environmental importance. Herein, we report the development of a series of 4-phosphoryl pyrazolone receptors for the selective separation of trivalent lanthanum, europium, and ytterbium as the representatives of light, middle, and heavy REEs, respectively. X-ray crystallography studies were employed to obtain solid-state structures across 11 of the resulting complexes, allowing comparative structure–function relationships to be probed, including the effect of lanthanide contraction that occurs along the series from lanthanum to europium to ytterbium and which potentially provides a basis for REE ion separation. In addition, the influence of ligand structure and lipophilicity on lanthanide binding and selectivity was systematically investigated via n-octanol/water distribution and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) studies. Corresponding stoichiometry relationships between solid and solution states were well established using slope analyses. The results provide new insights into some fundamental lanthanide coordination chemistry from a separation perspective and establish 4-phosphoryl pyrazolone derivatives as potential practical extraction reagents for the selective separation of REEs in the future.

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“…They are widely used in chemical engineering, metallurgy, electronic equipment and other fields. 1,2 The demand for REEs is also increasing, so the research on extracting and separating them is important. Lanthanides are widely used in many fields because of their luminescence, electronics, and magnetism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microextraction of lanthanum using a rotating microchannel extractor

Chen

Fan

et al. 2022

JSCS

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This work introduced a novel microchannel extractor. The extraction system was to extract lanthanum nitrate aqueous solution with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA). Different feeding methods and inner rotors were explored first. The results showed that parallel feeding and inner rotors engraved with spiral stripes were more favorable for extraction. Next, the effect of various factors on the extraction was explored, including the pH of the aqueous phase, rotational inner rotor speed (R) and the fluid volumetric flow rate (Q). The results showed that these factors are closely related to the extraction. Finally, the experiment was verified by CFD numerical simulation, the simulation result was consistent with the experiment. In this device, active mixing was introduced into the microchannel extraction, which significantly improved the extraction efficiency. Under certain conditions, the extraction efficiency of this device exceeded stirring extraction equilibrium. Moreover, the extraction in this device is faster than conventional stirring extraction. These advantages provide a possibility for highly efficient extraction and use of rare earth elements.

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Extraction of rare earth elements from waste products of phosphate industry

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Emulsion liquid membrane modeling for chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using TOMAC as a carrier

Emulsion liquid membrane modeling for chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using TOMAC as a carrier

Highly Tunable 4-Phosphoryl Pyrazolone Receptors for Selective Rare-Earth Separation

Microextraction of lanthanum using a rotating microchannel extractor

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