Extraction of Rare Earth from La–Ni Alloys by the Glass Slag Method

Saito, Tetsuji; Sato, Hiroo; Motegi, Tetsuichi

doi:10.1557/jmr.2003.0392

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NiMH and Li-ion batteries are special purpose rechargeable batteries used in computers, cell phones, video cameras, ipods and PDAs. Li-ion battery is the fastest growing battery technology today (Saito et al, 2003;Castillo et al, 2004;Lupi et al, 2005). It has significant high energy density and twice the life cycle of a NiMH battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Nnorom

Osibanjo

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ten brands of spent portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones (lithium-ion and nickel metal hydride) were collected and disassembled and the battery electrode and printed wiring board prepared using the EPA Method 3050B. The metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean (± standard deviation) concentrations and range of cobalt, chromium, nickel and cadmium in the battery electrodes were 361284±32281mg/kg (range 20870-575330 mg/kg); 25.3 ± 4.6 mg/kg (7.9-149 mg/kg); 75272 ± 14630 mg/kg (3589-266607 mg/kg) and 2.8 ± 0.6 mg/kg (0.2-16.3 mg/kg), respectively. Similarly, the mean values of cobalt, chromium, nickel and cadmium in the PWB were 564 ± 165 mg/kg (56.1-4068 mg/kg); 28.1 ± 4.0 mg/kg (ND-97.2 mg/kg); 735 ± 188 mg/kg (22.7-2727 mg/kg) and 1.8 ± 0.3 mg/kg (ND-7.2 mg/kg), respectively. The Li-ion battery electrodes contained significantly higher levels of cobalt (p < 0.01) whereas, the NiMH battery contained significantly higher nickel (P < 0.01). All the results for the cobalt and nickel levels in the battery electrodes exceeded the toxicity threshold limit concentration used in the toxicity characterization of solid wastes (cobalt, 8000 mg/kg; nickel , 2000 mg/kg). In fact, the mean cobalt level of the battery electrode is about 45 times the toxicity threshold limit concentration limit for cobalt while the mean nickel result is about 38 times the toxicity threshold limit concentration. Spent portable rechargeable batteries should be handled as toxic materials that require special treatment. Implementation of a well-coordinated management strategy for spent batteries is urgently required to check the dissipation of large doses of toxic heavy metals and rare earth into the environment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Nnorom

Osibanjo

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite its high rareearth recovery and the high-purity rare-earth products that form, hydrometallurgy is unable to collect other valuable elements very well and results in excessive acid consumption. Single pyrometallurgical method can recover rare-earth metals together with valuable metal elements and is more environmentally friendly [4][5][6]. The combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical advantages could be used to recycle rare-earth and valuable elements simultaneously and reduce environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Viscosity of a La₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO Slag System

Xin

Deng

Jiang

et al. 2019

High Temperature Materials and Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag was investigated to develop low-Al2O3 or Al2O3-free slag for the effective recovery of rare-earth metals. When La2O3 content is fixed (45, 50 and 55 mass%), the viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag decrease with an increase in FeO content and a decrease in SiO2 content. A higher La2O3 content in the La2O3-SiO2-FeO ternary slag yields a lower slag viscosity but a higher break temperature. Individual minor components of Al2O3, MnO and B2O3 does not affect, or decreases slightly the viscosity of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag, whereas the slag break temperature is reduced so that the reduction ability order is ranked as B2O3 > Al2O3 > MnO. A small amount of two components Al2O3 + MnO and Al2O3 + B2O3 has little effect on the viscosity of the slag but it has an additive effect on the slag break-temperature reduction.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the phosphorites associated with trace rare earths have been regarded as a kind of potential supplementary rare earth resource, and some new hydrometallurgical processes for extracting rare earths from apatite using solvent extraction were reported. , Pietrelli developed a hydrometallurgical process to obtain mixed rare earths from spent NiMH batteries . Satio reported how to recover rare earths from the La−Ni alloys by the glass slag method or from sludges containing rare earth elements. , Oil shale ash (OSA), an inorganic waste obtained after the direct combustion of the oil shale, is another exploitable secondary resource associated with several valuable metals, such as high content of Al, Fe, and trace rare earths . The tremendous amount of OSA solid waste is discarded occupying land and causing environmental problems which caused widespread concern; , in addition, the cost of its disposal is also high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Trace Rare Earths from High-Level Fe³⁺and Al³⁺Waste of Oil Shale Ash (Fe−Al−OSA)

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experimental investigation was undertaken to study the high-efficient and clean enrichment of trace rare earths from high-level Fe 3+ and Al 3+ waste of oil shale ash (Fe-Al-OSA). The optimum leaching temperature, ratio of solid to liquid, acidity, and reaction time for Fe-Al-OSA were 30°C, 1:7, 50% (v/v), and 1 h by the Taguchi method, respectively, and the leaching rate of rare earths has been reached up to 96.24%. The optimal extraction conditions for removing Fe 3+ from leaching liquor of Fe-Al-OSA were as follows: the organic phase was 30% N235 + 10% isooctyl alcohol (ROH) + 60% n-heptane, acidity of aqueous phase was about 3.00 mol/L, and phase ratio (V o :V w ) was 8:5. More than 92.09% of Fe 3+ was recovered by using countercurrent extraction process with 4-5 stages. The 99.76% of high pure Fe byproduct was obtained by stripping the loaded N235 organic phase, and it can be used as chemistry pure reagent directly. After adjusting the pH of the raffinate to 6.00 with MgO and saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution, all of the Al 3+ and rare earths were transformed to hydroxide precipitation and separated from the solution, together with other small amounts of coexisting metal ions such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . Then, the precipitation was washed, collected, and dissolved by HNO 3 . Rare earths can be separated from the solution by solvent extraction with 30% tributyl phosphate (TBP) +70% n-heptane at the phase ratio (V o :V w ) 3:2. The recovery rate of rare earths from Fe-Al-OSA has reached 86.30% in the whole separation process. The residual Al 3+ in solution was recycled. This work shows that such a treatment route is one kind of highly efficient and clean method for separating Fe 3+ and Al 3+ , and concentrating rare earths from Fe-Al-OSA. The solid waste (Fe-Al-OSA) from the refinery can also be utilized effectively to solve the ecological and environmental problems caused by the waste heap.

show abstract

Extraction of Rare Earth from La–Ni Alloys by the Glass Slag Method

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Study of the Viscosity of a La₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO Slag System

Recovery of Trace Rare Earths from High-Level Fe³⁺and Al³⁺Waste of Oil Shale Ash (Fe−Al−OSA)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extraction of Rare Earth from La–Ni Alloys by the Glass Slag Method

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Study of the Viscosity of a La2O3-SiO2-FeO Slag System

Recovery of Trace Rare Earths from High-Level Fe3+and Al3+Waste of Oil Shale Ash (Fe−Al−OSA)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study of the Viscosity of a La₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO Slag System

Recovery of Trace Rare Earths from High-Level Fe³⁺and Al³⁺Waste of Oil Shale Ash (Fe−Al−OSA)