Extraction of rosmarinic acid from Melissa officinalis L. by heat-, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques: A comparative study through response surface analysis

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe goal of this study was to compare the extraction of rosmarinic acid from Melissa officinalis L. using three techniques (heat--, microwave-and ultrasound-assisted extraction). In order to obtain the conditions that maximize the rosmarinic acid extraction, a response surface methodology was applied using the circumscribed central composite design of three variables with five levels. The relevant independent variables used for the process optimization were time, temperature and ethanol-water proportion for heat-assisted-and microwave-extration, whereas for the ultrasound method the ultrasonic power was variable. The responses used as criteria were the amount of rosmarinic acid was determined by HPLCDADand the extraction yield of the obtained residue. Ultrasound extraction proved to be the most effective method, capable of yielding 86.3 ± 4.1 mg rosmarinic acid/g plant per dry weight (dw) at the optimal extraction conditions (33.0 ± 3.2 min, 371.7 ± 19.3 W and 39.9 ± 1.4% of ethanol). According to the content of rosmarinic acid, microwave-and heat-assisted extractions techniques were less effective, producing 49.4 ± 2.3 (at 26.5 ± 2.1 min, 108.6 ± 10.2°C and 25.5 ± 0.9% of ethanol) and 59.4 ± 2.2 (at 106.2 ± 5.1 min, 88.0 ± 2.9°C and 34.5 ± 1.6% of ethanol), respectively. Additionally, the solid/liquid ratio effect at the optimal values in a dose-response format was studied in view of its plausible transference at industrial level, showing a decreasing non-linear pattern from 5 to 120 g/L. In brief, the obtained results highlight the potential applications of using the leaves from M. officinalis as a source of rosmarinic acid.

Recovery of bioactive anthocyanin pigments from Ficus carica L. peel by heat, microwave, and ultrasound based extraction techniques

“…Once these preliminary analyses were completed (data not shown), the factors selected for the RSM application were t, T, and S for the HAE and MAE systems, and t, P, and S for the UAE system. Similar findings were reported by other authors when performing optimization studies with other natural matrices (Albuquerque et al, 2016;Caleja et al, 2017). A detailed description for all tested values for each technique can be found in Table A1 (supplemental material section).…”

Lemon Balm Extracts Prevent Breast Cancer Progression In Vitro and In Ovo on Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

“…Although distributed worldwide, the plant commonly grows in the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, being intensively cultivated in Europe [9,10]. For more than 2000 years, MO has been used as culinary herb and traditionally recommended as sedative, anxiolytic, antistress, antispasmodic, digestive, antimicrobial, and antiviral remedy [11]. e plant was associated with relieving a series of complaints mentioned in early medical references such as Dioscorides in De Materia Medica or Paracelsus (1493-1541).…”

“…Aiming to repurpose the traditional use of lemon balm, the current research was undertaken in order to investigate the potential angioprevention and chemoprevention in breast cancer of various MO extracts next to the main phytocompounds, as determined by HPLC measurements (rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid). Rosmarinic acid found in high amounts in the plant material [11] is considered an important component of the MO extract, partially responsible for its biological effects [23]. Another phytocompound associated with anticancer effects [24] is ursolic acid, a triterpene also present in the composition of lemon balm [11].…”

Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Nuts: Experiments, Modeling, and Optimization

“…Recent studies have focused on extraction of phenolic compounds by means of solvents accepted by food industry, for example, water and ethanol, in combination with the assisted extraction techniques such as pressurized liquid extraction, microwave extraction, and ultrasonic assisted extraction (Bodoira, Rossi, Montenegro, Maestri, & Velez, ; Bodoira, Velez, Andreatta, Martínez, & Maestri, ; Caleja, Barros, Prieto, Barreiro Oliveira, & Ferreira, ; Duba, Casazza, Mohamed, Perego, & Fiori, ; Xu, Wang, Liu, Yuan, & Gao, ). Subcritical water extraction (SWE) (also known as pressurized hot water extraction) uses water as solvent between 100 °C and 374 °C.…”

“…However, interactions among these or other factors are frequently ignored. The response surface methodology (RSM) may be useful to determine the influence of various factors, their levels, and their interactions, in experimental designs involving several factors (Bodoira, Rossi et al., ; Bodoira, Velez et al., ; Caleja et al., ; Kanmaz, ; Yolmeh & Jafari, ; Zekovic et al., ). Generally, RSM has been used for optimizing processes, which can be represented with a second‐order polynomial equation.…”