Extraction of <scp>DNA</scp> from Skeletonized Postcranial Remains: A Discussion of Protocols and Testing Modalities

Edson, Suni M.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14050

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This sampling bias is evident in a survey of postcranial skeletal elements from the same group of submissions. The rib samples extracted using EP#1 show an elevated success of 77%, which was unexpected . Ribs have a very thin layer of cortical bone and are an outlier to reported results of weight‐bearing bones producing better results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Data from this protocol will be included in this paper as it is relevant to a comparison of results to a previous publication . All four protocols are described in Edson and are briefly summarized here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region used overlapping primer sets . Four “large” primer pairs were used, two of which amplify hypervariable region one (HVI) and two for hypervariable region two (HVII).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STR data analysis was undertaken using GeneMapper ® ID‐X v. 1.3 (Life Technologies). Analytical and stochastic thresholds were determined during the validation process .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the remains are skeletonized and DNA testing is required, recommendations have been made to select the femur first and then other weight‐bearing bones, as these tend to have improved success rates for all forms of DNA testing . When fragmentation or commingling is limited, smaller bones such as metacarpals, phalanges, or patellae may be chosen as they also have the potential to generate genetic data for associations to be made, although their anthropological value is minimal .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting Ahead: Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Cranial Material and Teeth

Edson

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Between 1990 and 2018, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency submitted 2177 cranial elements and 1565 teeth to the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System—Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory for DNA testing. In an effort to identify missing United States service members, materials were recovered from wartime losses inclusive of World War II, the Korean War, and Southeast Asia. Using four different DNA extraction protocols, DNA testing was performed using mitochondrial DNA Sanger sequencing, modified AmpFlSTR® Yfiler™, AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™, PowerPlex® Fusion, or Next Generation Sequencing. This paper aims to provide optimal strategies for the DNA testing of skeletonized cranial materials. Cranial elements produced the most consistent results in Sanger sequencing using an organic purification; however, teeth were most successful for the same platform with an inorganic purification. The inverse is true for STR testing of cranial bones. Of the cranial elements, the temporal provided the most consistent results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STR data analysis was undertaken using GeneMapper ® ID‐X v. 1.3 (Life Technologies). Analytical and stochastic thresholds were determined during the validation process .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting Ahead: Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Cranial Material and Teeth

Edson

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Franklin

Marks

2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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The modern practice of forensic anthropology is focused on the quantification of skeletal variation based upon a qualitative prowess developed according to theory and method in the parent discipline of biological anthropology. Such morphological variances allow estimates of biological attributes, for example, age, sex, population affinity, stature, pathology of disease processes-among others, that collectively may resolve the identification of unknown forensic human remains.The latter is a basic human right under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) afforded to descendants who go missing in armed conflicts and other violence-base situations. The specific traditional methods applied by the forensic anthropologist are well established in the published literature and routinely supported by global research that guides graduate programs designed to train the next generation of practitioners. Important in that cornerstone literature and graduate training regimen are aspects of our practice that are increasingly cross-disciplinary, especially those grounded in the molecular, chemical, and histological sciences. These upper-tier endeavors supplement and many times, validate, the traditional approaches as dictated by case context. This review focuses on evolving cross-disciplinary developments and novel research trends in the analysis of human remains that involve the specific expertise of the forensic anthropologist.

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The Korean War Identification Project: 30 years of expanding scope and complexity in the accounting of American war dead

Keyes

Doman

et al. 2023

WIREs Forensic Science

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The Korean War claimed approximately 36,500 American service member casualties in its 3 years, of which nearly 7600 are still unaccounted for. The Korea 208 (K208) Project began in 2011 to more strategically address the highly commingled nature of 208 boxes of human remains that were repatriated from North Korea to the United Nations Command in the early 1990s and subsequently turned over to the Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (now Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency [DPAA]) for analysis and identification. The K208 was further expanded by the recovery of remains from Joint Recovery Operations (JROs) in North Korea between 1996 and 2005, which revealed, among other issues, the presence of non-U.S. casualties and crossover of elements between these two assemblages.More recently, 55 boxes of human remains (known as the K55) were repatriated from North Korea in 2018 with many of the same commingling and assemblage crossover issues originally presented by the K208. Additionally, there has been an increased push to disinter more than 800 unknown Korean War service members buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (also known as the Punchbowl) in Honolulu, which represent casualties recovered from both North and South Korea that had undergone prior analysis in the 1950s and 1960s. Subsequent examination has revealed that many Punchbowl remains are commingled despite being thought to have been originally buried as discrete individuals. Because of these developments, the K208 Project has grown in complexity and scope, thus changing its name to the Korean War Identification Project (KWIP) in 2017. Now under its purview are the original accessions from the K208 and JROs as well as the K55 and Punchbowl, representing the largest identification project within the DPAA. A robust and defensible identification process begins with an initial triage of the remains, followed by a systematic process of segregation, consolidation, and corroboration leading to identification. This

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Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Postcranial Remains: A Discussion of Protocols and Testing Modalities

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Getting Ahead: Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Cranial Material and Teeth

Getting Ahead: Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Cranial Material and Teeth

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

The Korean War Identification Project: 30 years of expanding scope and complexity in the accounting of American war dead

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