Extraction of tetraheptylammonium fluoride and the solvation of the fluoride ion

Abstract

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Coordination of fluoride and chloride anions with alcohol and phenol

“…The results at low' alcohol concentration yield a slope of twro; the curve at higher alcohol concentrations can be resolved into an additional component of slope four, the value previously found. 13 A leastsquares fitting by computer to a power series expression in the alcohol concentration indicated the following equilibrium quotients for tetrahexylammonium fluoride and benzyl alcohol in toluene:…”

“…In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the coordination or solvation of simple anions. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Most of these solvation studies of salts have been carried out by ir or uv spectroscopic methods.4-10•12 A number of workers have studied the effect of alkylammonium halides on the X-H stretching frequencies of some protic solvents. Spectral shifts attributed to X-• • • anion hydrogen bonding were observed, and their magnitude generally decreased in the order F-> Cl-> Br-> I-,6 although some workers9•12 found an anomalous position for F-, that is, Cl-> F-> Br-> I-.…”

Crystal structure of methylenediphosphonic acid

“…The formula weight was 176.01; a = 7.840(9), b = 5.494(3), c = 13.74(6) A, p = 103.69(7)", unit cell volume 575.26 A3, Z = 4, space group E l / c , calculated density = 2.03 g/cm3, experimental density = 2.05 g/cm3 (3).…”

“…The crystal structure of the acid has been resolved as the first step in this study, although a recent report on the structure of ethane-1 -hydroxy-1,1 -diphosphonic acid monohydrate2 uses some unpublished results on an early study of the structure of methylene diphosphonic acid by Lovell. 3 Experimental Section Methylenediphosphonic acid was prepared by hydrolysis of the tetraisopropyl ester with hydrochloric acid, according to the method of Roy. 4 The acid gave colorless crystals from 1-butanol, which melted in the range 192-204°( lit. mp 203-206°).…”

The extraction of tetrabutylammonium nitrate and the solvation of the nitrate ion

“…Two previous papers (2,3) have shown the applicability of a solvent extraction method for determining the coordination number of small anions towards slightly acidic molecules such as alcohols and phenols. The use of larger anions poses two difficulti.es: larger anions are structure-breakers in water and poorly hydrated so that they have a greater tendency to distribute into the organic diluent even in the absence of extractant molecules, leading to large blank corrections; their coordination to the extractant molecules may be weaker, which will lead to poorly defined complexes of lower average coordination number.…”