Extraction of the β-factor for single quantum dots coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide

Thyrrestrup, Henri; Sapienza, Luca; Lodahl, Peter

doi:10.1063/1.3446873

Cited by 54 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Apart from the direct visualization of the Andersonlocalized spatial profiles, knowledge of the actual eigenmodes and of their detailed Bloch-mode components can give insight into the mechanisms of slow-light propagation, 25,27,[41][42][43][44] radiation, 6,28,29 and disorder-induced [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] losses. When modeling systems with coupled photonic and electronic degrees of freedom, such as quantum dots embedded in cavities or guides 19,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] or PHC polaritons, 31,54 it is most natural to start with the eigenstates of both coupled subsystems, especially within a fully quantum mechanical treatment where second quantization of electromagnetic modes is needed. If the linear response function is known, then eigenmodes can be obtained by finding the poles of its analytical continuation on the complex frequency plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,27 Slow light in particular can be exploited to enhance the coupling of light to the electronic states of embedded quantum dots, for applications as single-photon emitters. 19,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] In this context in particular, knowing the actual eigenmodes of the electromagnetic field is crucial for modeling their coupling to electronic states. 55 Otherwise, the method should also be useful to model the states of a disordered two-dimensional PHC at the edges of the band gap.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic modes of a disordered photonic crystal

Savona

2011

Phys. Rev. B

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We present a systematic numerical approach to compute the eigenmodes and the related eigenfrequencies of a disordered photonic crystal, characterized by small fluctuations of the otherwise periodic dielectric profile. The field eigenmodes are expanded on the basis of Bloch modes of the corresponding periodic structure, and the resulting eigenvalue problem is diagonalized on a truncated basis including a finite number of Bloch bands. The Bloch-mode expansion is very effective for modeling modes of very extended disordered structures in a given frequency range, as only spectrally close bands must be included in the basis set. The convergence can be easily verified by repeating the diagonalization for an increased band set. As illustrations, we apply the method to the W1 line-defect waveguide and to the L3 coupled-cavity waveguide, both based on a photonic crystal slab with a triangular lattice of circular holes. We compute and characterize the eigenfrequencies, spatial field profiles, and radiation loss rates of the localized modes induced by disorder. For the W1 waveguide, we demonstrate that radiation losses, at the bottom of the spatially even guided band, are determined by a small hybridization with Bloch modes of the spatially odd band, induced by disorder in spite of their frequency separation. The Bloch-mode expansion method has a very broad range of applications: It can be also used to accurately compute the modes of structures with systematic modulations of the periodic dielectric constant, as in several designs of high-Q cavities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic modes of a disordered photonic crystal

Savona

2011

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Recent measurements have reported an almost perfect extraction of radiation from linear dipole sources (QDs) 17,32,33 . The local helicity of the photonic modes that we exploited above the surface is also present in the centre of the slab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic control of circular dipole emission

2015

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Controlling photon emission by single emitters with nanostructures is crucial for scalable on-chip information processing. Nowadays, nanoresonators can affect the lifetime of linear dipole emitters, while nanoantennas can steer the emission direction. Expanding this control to the emission of orbital angular momentum-changing transitions would enable a future coupling between solid state and photonic qubits. As these transitions are associated with circular dipoles, such control requires knowledge of the interaction of a complex dipole with optical eigenstates containing local helicity. We experimentally map the coupling of classical, circular dipoles to photonic modes in a photonic crystal waveguide. We show that, depending on the combination of the local helicity of the mode and the dipole helicity, circular dipoles can couple to left-or rightwards propagating modes with a near-unity directionality. The experimental maps are in excellent agreement with calculations. Our measurements, therefore, demonstrate the possibility of coupling the spin to photonic pathway.

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“…Near-unity coupling efficiency of photons from an emitter embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide has been theoretically predicted23 and experimentally demonstrated with quantum dots2425. It has also been proposed to use guided surface plasmons on metallic nanowires to achieve near-unity coupling efficiency2627, and efficient coupling of photons from quantum dots to surface plasmons on silver nanowires has been demonstrated28.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient Single-Mode Photon-Coupling Device Utilizing a Nanofiber Tip

Chonan

Kato

Aoki

2014

Sci Rep

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Single-photon sources are important elements in quantum optics and quantum information science. It is crucial that such sources be able to couple photons emitted from a single quantum emitter to a single propagating mode, preferably to the guided mode of a single-mode optical fiber, with high efficiency. Various photonic devices have been successfully demonstrated to efficiently couple photons from an emitter to a single mode of a cavity or a waveguide. However, efficient coupling of these devices to optical fibers is sometimes challenging. Here we show that up to 38% of photons from an emitter can be directly coupled to a single-mode optical fiber by utilizing the flat tip of a silica nanofiber. With the aid of a metallic mirror, the efficiency can be increased to 76%. The use of a silicon waveguide further increases the efficiency to 87%. This simple device can be applied to various quantum emitters.

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Extraction of the β-factor for single quantum dots coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Electromagnetic modes of a disordered photonic crystal

Electromagnetic modes of a disordered photonic crystal

Nanophotonic control of circular dipole emission

Efficient Single-Mode Photon-Coupling Device Utilizing a Nanofiber Tip

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