Extraction of Tocopherol from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Integrated Utilization Strategy for Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: Synergically Synthesizing Biodiesel and Recovering Bioactive Compounds by a Combined Enzymatic Process and Molecular Distillation

“…5−7 Tocopherols contain four isomers, namely, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols depending on the number of methyl groups on the chromanol ring in the chemical structure, and three forms of tocopherols (α-, γ-, and δtocopherol) are widely found in SODD. 8,9 Squalene is a hydrocarbon, C 30 H 50 , with six double bonds in its structure and the exact molecular weight is 410.3913 amu, 10 originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from the liver oil of some deep-sea sharks (cartilaginous fishes). 11 It has been widely studied in the field of disease prevention, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer.…”

“…Each year, million tons of the oil deodorizer distillate is produced and discarded as waste, which brings a heavy burden to the environment as well as to wasting of resources , because SODD contains bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, squalene, and phytosterols . Tocopherols are strong antioxidants and active substances with physiological functions and largely applied in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. − Tocopherols contain four isomers, namely, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols depending on the number of methyl groups on the chromanol ring in the chemical structure, and three forms of tocopherols (α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol) are widely found in SODD. , Squalene is a hydrocarbon, C 30 H 50 , with six double bonds in its structure and the exact molecular weight is 410.3913 amu, originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from the liver oil of some deep-sea sharks (cartilaginous fishes) . It has been widely studied in the field of disease prevention, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer .…”

Processing impact on tocopherols and triglycerides composition of soybean oil and its deodorizer distillate evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography

“…The levels of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol were found to be 1.31%, 0.44%, 5.53%, and 3.31%, respectively, whereas the concentration of total tocophrols was 10.59%. The results were also compared with those of the reported studies [25][26][27][28][29]. From Figure 2, it is very clear that the concentrations of individual and total tocopheols vary among different studies.…”

Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Food Analysis: A Review

“…Natural phenolic compounds in edible oils, such as tocols [15,16] and sesamol [17], could be rapidly extracted or pre-concentrated with various DESs. Hadi et al investigated the performance of choline-based DESs in the extraction of tocopherols and tocotrienols (collectively known as tocols) from crude palm oil [15].…”

“…The tocol concentration in the DES extracts reached up to 18,525 mg/kg with increasing amounts of the DES. Recently, a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) method based on phenolic DES was developed for extraction of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), the main natural source of tocopherols (V E ) [16]. It was found that phenolic DES made from ChCl and p-cresol (1:2 M ratio) showed the best extraction efficiency at room temperature for all tocopherols isomers (alpha, gamma, and delta-tocopherols) due to the strong π−π interaction between the phenolic DES and tocopherols ( Figure 2).…”