Extraction of ultra-low gossypol protein from cottonseed: Characterization based on antioxidant activity, structural morphology and functional group analysis

Kumar, Manoj; Potkule, Jayashree; Patil, Sharmila; Saxena, Sujata; Patil, P. G.; Mageshwaran, Vellaichamy; Punia, Sneh; Varghese, Eldho; Mahapatra, Archana; Ashtaputre, Nandita; Souza, Charlene D’; Kennedy, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110692

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recent articles have demonstrated that various plant byproducts, such as fruit or vegetable pomace, bran/husk/seed coat, seeds, peel, and leaves, are important source of phytochemicals and can be utilised as innovative ingredient in foods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Extracts obtained from various sections of the Annona squamosa plant, such as its bark, roots, leaf, stem, fruit, peel, and seeds, have been utilised in traditional pharmacological applications in different countries to cure a variety of diseases, such as dysentery, epilepsy, haemorrhage, fever, and tumours [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

et al. 2021

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Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

et al. 2021

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“…High-quality cottonseed and its derived products/byproducts have been developed as animal feeds and human foods [ 23 , 26 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. These low quality or non-edible cottonseed, oil, and other byproducts may be used for raw materials of bio-fuels and biochars [ 54 , 55 , 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Nam

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Common “glanded” (Gd) cottonseeds contain the toxic compound gossypol that restricts human consumption of the derived products. The “glandless” (Gl) cottonseeds of a new cotton variety, in contrast, show a trace gossypol content, indicating the great potential of cottonseed for agro-food applications. This work comparatively evaluated the chemical composition and thermogravimetric behaviors of the two types of cottonseed kernels. In contrast to the high gossypol content (3.75 g kg−1) observed in Gd kernels, the gossypol level detected in Gl kernels was only 0.06 g kg−1, meeting the FDA’s criteria as human food. While the gossypol gland dots in Gd kernels were visually observed, scanning electron microcopy was not able to distinguish the microstructural difference between ground Gd and Gl samples. Chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that Gl kernels and Gd kernels had similar chemical components and mineral contents, but the former was slightly higher in protein, starch, and phosphorus contents. Thermogravimetric (TG) processes of both kernels and their residues after hexane and ethanol extraction were based on three stages of drying, de-volatilization, and char formation. TG-FTIR analysis revealed apparent spectral differences between Gd and Gl samples, as well as between raw and extracted cottonseed kernel samples, indicating that some components in Gd kernels were more susceptible to thermal decomposition than Gl kernels. The TG and TG-FTIR observations suggested that the Gl kernels could be heat treated (e.g., frying and roasting) at an optimal temperature of 140–150 °C for food applications. On the other hand, optimal pyrolysis temperatures would be much higher (350–500 °C) for Gd cottonseed and its defatted residues for non-food bio-oil and biochar production. The findings from this research enhance the potential utilization of Gd and Gl cottonseed kernels for food applications.

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“…Other gossypol removal methodologies are also being developed, including microbial fermentation [ 16 , 17 ], and aqueous- and/or solvent-based extraction [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Zhang et al demonstrated the ability of rumen Bacillus subtilis to reduce free and total gossypol content in CSM with higher essential amino acid content through fermentation [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cottonseed Meal Protein Isolate as a New Source of Alternative Proteins: A Proteomics Perspective

Tan

Kwan

Lee

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cottonseed meal (CSM) is a good source of dietary proteins but is unsuitable for human consumption due to its gossypol content. To unlock its potential, we developed a protein extraction process with a gossypol removal treatment to generate CSM protein isolate (CSMPI) with ultra-low gossypol content. This process successfully reduced the free and total gossypol content to 4.8 ppm and 147.2 ppm, respectively, far below the US FDA limit. In addition, the functional characterisation of CSMPI revealed a better oil absorption capacity and water solubility than pea protein isolate. Proteome profiling showed that the treatment improved protein identification, while SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the treatment did not induce protein degradation. Amino acid analysis revealed that post-treated CSMPI was rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Mass spectrometry analysis of various protein fractions obtained from an in vitro digestibility assay helped to establish the digestibility profile of CSM proteins. Several potential allergens in CSMPI were also found using allergenic prediction software, but further evaluation based on their digestibility profiles and literature reviews suggests that the likelihood of CSMPI allergenicity remains low. Overall, our results help to navigate and direct the application of CSMPIs as alternative proteins toward nutritive human food application.

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Extraction of ultra-low gossypol protein from cottonseed: Characterization based on antioxidant activity, structural morphology and functional group analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Cottonseed Meal Protein Isolate as a New Source of Alternative Proteins: A Proteomics Perspective

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