We present a model-independent global analysis of hadronic form factors for the semileptonic decays b → c ν that exploits lattice-QCD data, dispersion relations, and heavy-quark symmetries. The analysis yields predictions for the relevant form factors, within quantifiable bounds. These form factors are used to compute the semileptonic ratios R(Hc) and various decay-product polarizations. In particular, we find R(D * s ) = 0.20(3) and R(J/ψ) = 0.25(3), predictions that can be compared to results of upcoming LHCb measurements. In developing this treatment, we obtain leading-order NRQCD results for the nonzero-recoil relations between the B + c → {J/ψ, ηc} form factors.