EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION OF A SUPERPOROUS POLYSACCHARIDE-BASED MUCILAGE FROM Salvia spinosa L.

Abstract

Herein, we optimized eco-friendly extraction parameters to get the maximum yield of a novel polysaccharide-based mucilage (SSH) from seeds of Salvia spinosa. The dependency of the extraction yield of SSH on the pH of the extraction medium (pH 6-8), extraction temperature (25-75 °C), seed/water ratio (1:10-1:40 w/v), and seed–water contact time (1-4 h) was evaluated using response surface methodology–Box Behnken design (RSM–BBD). A second-order polynomial equation provided the best fit to the studied response with p < 0.0001. The optimum conditions to achieve the maximum yield of SSH (7.35%) were at pH 7, extraction temperature of 50 °C, seed/water ratio of 1:25 w/v, and seed–water contact time of 2.5 h. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of SSH revealed its superporous nature.

Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel from Seeds of Artemisia vulgaris: Extraction Optimization by Box–Behnken Design, pH-Responsiveness, and Sustained Drug Release

“…However, there may be a chance of polysaccharide degradation after 80 • C; therefore, the yield of AVM was found to decrease after 80 • C. A similar trend was observed by Nazir et al [20] for the optimization of hydrogel extraction conditions from Ocimum basilicum seeds. This trend may corroborate the thermal degradation of the polysaccharides present in the hydrogel upon the increasing temperature up to an optimum level and led to a decrease in the yield of hydrogels [16].…”

“…Moreover, 4.0 is the normal value of ADP. If the value of ADP is >4.0, then the model is desirable, and vice versa [16]. In this present study, the ADP value was found to be 22.59, which is greater than the normal value (Table 2).…”

“…The highest yield of AVM at a pH of 7 was due to the greater swelling of AVM at that pH [10]. The reduction in the yield of AVM at alkaline pH was due to its ability to dissolve in an alkaline medium [16]. Moreover, at alkaline pH of 10, comparatively less yield of AVM, i.e., 7.1%, was obtained than that of acidic pH of 6, i.e., 9.6%, which may be due to the hydrolysis of insoluble components of AVM to soluble components in alkaline pH [18].…”

“…RSM is one of the most efficient statistical and mathematical tools for the optimization of yield whenever the hydrogel extraction process depends on multivariable factors [16]. It provides statistical (ANOVA) and graphical (2-dimensional contour as well as 3-dimensional response surface plots) procedures to study the authenticity of model design and the relationship between one or more responses [17,18].…”