Extraction-Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Gallium(III) in the Form of Ion Associate with a Monotetrazolium Salt

Stojnova, Kirila; Divarov, V. V.; Racheva, Petya; Lekova, Vanya

doi:10.1007/s10812-015-0193-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ga(III) can be determined by molecular absorption spectrometry using ligands that form compounds with high molar absorptivity [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], whose sensitivity can be improved by coupling to a liquid- [ 24 ] or solid-phase extraction procedure [ 25 ]. If the compound resulting from the interaction of Ga(III) with the ligand emits fluorescence, sensitivity is further enhanced [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 2023

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A solid-phase dispersive microextraction procedure has been developed using ferrite (Fe3O4), an inexpensive magnetic material, as an adsorbent for the separation and subsequent determination of Ga(III) and In(III). The ions were removed from an aqueous solution by adsorption on Fe3O4, which was next easily collected from the medium by the action of a magnet. The analytes were then desorbed using 50 µL of 2 M NaOH or 50 µL of a 4:1 mixture of 0.1 M EDTA and 2 M HNO3 for the determination of Ga(III) or In(III), respectively. The level of the elements in the desorption phase was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) by injecting 10 µL of this phase into the atomizer. The enrichment factor was 163, and detection limits of 0.02 and 0.01 µg L−1 were achieved for Ga(III) and In(III), respectively. The reliability of the procedure has been verified by means of standard reference materials and by means of standard additions. Results are given for waters, soils and samples obtained from various electronic devices. It is of note that the procedure could be the basis for a useful way of recovering these valuable elements from different matrices for reuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 2023

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“…Ga(III), Co(II), Ge(IV), Mo(-VI). 29,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] The liquid-liquid extraction is a part of the chemistry of the solutions and the coordination compounds. It is applied to study the processes of complex formation and the extraction equilibria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Equilibria of the Complex Formation of Anionic Chelate of Zn(II) with Tridentate Ligand and the Cation of 3-(2-naphtyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride

Stojnova,

Yanev,

Lekova

2023

ACSi

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The equilibria of the complex formation between the anionic chelate of zinc(II) with the tridentate ligand of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) and the bulky organic tetrazolium cation of 3-(2-naphtyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2Htetrazolium chloride (TV) in the liquid-liquid extraction system Zn(II)‒PAR‒TV‒H2O‒2-methyl-1-propanol was studied by spectrophotometric method. The molar ratio of the reagents was determined by independent methods under the optimum condition for ion-association and for extraction. The validity of Beer’s law was checked and some analytical characteristics were calculated. The constants, describing the association process in aqueous phase and the extraction equilibria, were calculated. Based on this, a reaction scheme, a general formula and a structural formula of the complex were suggested. The zinc(II) cation is six coordinated with the tridentate ligand through the following atoms: the azo nitrogen, the pyridine nitrogen and the oxygen atom from the phenolic group, which is in ortho position relative to the azo group, each of them forming two five-membered chelate rings.

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“…W(VI), Ge(IV), Tl(III), Nb(V), V(V), Ga(III), Co(II). [22][23][24][25][26] The extraction spectrophotometry is a relatively simple and inexpensive method for preparation and characterization of new complex compounds as well as for their application in the chemical analysis. [27][28][29][30][31] The liquid-liquid extraction is a part of the chemistry of the solutions and the coordination compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Complex Equilibria of Molybdenum(VI) with 3,5-Dinitrocatechol and Ditetrazolium Salt

Stojnova

Racheva

Divarova

et al. 2016

ACSi

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The complex formed between an anionic chelate of Mo(VI)-3,5-dinitrocatechol (3,5-DNC) with the cation of 3,3'-(3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene)bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (Blue Tetrazolium Chloride, BTC) in the liquid-liquid extraction system Mo(VI)-3,5-DNC-BTC-H 2 O-CHCl 3 was studied. The optimum conditions for the complex formation and extraction of the ion-associated complex were established by spectrophotometry. The molar ratio of the reagents was determined by independent methods. The validity of Beer's law was checked and some analytical characteristics were calculated. The association process in aqueous phase and the extraction equilibria were investigated and quantitatively characterized. The following key constants of the processes were calculated: association constant, distribution constant, extraction constant and recovery factor. Based on this, a reaction scheme, a general formula and a structure of the complex were suggested.

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Extraction-Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Gallium(III) in the Form of Ion Associate with a Monotetrazolium Salt

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Study on the Equilibria of the Complex Formation of Anionic Chelate of Zn(II) with Tridentate Ligand and the Cation of 3-(2-naphtyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride

Study on the Complex Equilibria of Molybdenum(VI) with 3,5-Dinitrocatechol and Ditetrazolium Salt

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