Extraction techniques for pesticide residues analysis in edible oils and role of sorbents in cleanup

Abstract

Pesticide residue analysis enables researchers to detect the minute quantity of residual pesticides by applying sensitive analytical techniques which include gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. However, the sample preparation step prior to utilizing these sophisticated techniques is key to achieving the required sensitivity. The present article reviews the significant methods available for sample preparation for pesticide residue analysis in edible oil. Present sample extraction and cleanup section, most common extraction and cleanup techniques such as liquid‐liquid extraction, solid phase extraction/dispersive solid phase extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method are discussed. Since selection of sorbent affects the recovery, matrix effect and rate of false positive and false negatives, hence, special attention has been paid to sorbents required for sample cleanup. Many sorbents are commercially available however their possible interactions with fatty acids and impurities have not been highlighted in literature. The present review not only highlights the role of commonly used sorbents such as florisil, graphitized carbon black, primary secondary amine and octadecyl bonded silicas but also discusses the pros and cons of newly developed sorbents.

Development and Application of a Multi-Residue Method to Determine Pesticides in Agricultural Water Using QuEChERS Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis

“…Since its introduction in 2003 by Anastassiades, QuEChERS has been modified and optimized by many researchers [11,[20][21][22]. Acetonitrile is commonly selected as the extraction solvent for multi-residue pesticide analysis because of its high eluent strength and versatility for both liquid chromatography-and gas chromatography-amenable pesticides [5,11].…”

“…The PSA sorbent is a weak anion-exchange agent that removes co-extractives such as sugars and fatty acids [16]. The GCB sorbent helps to remove pigments such as carotenoids and chlorophyll as well as steroids [9,11], while the octadecyl (C 18 ) reverse phase clean-up sorbent retains fats, vitamins, and minerals based on van der Waals interactions or dispersion [11,21].…”