Extractive Crystallization for the Production of Calcium Acetate and Magnesium Acetate from Carbonate Sources

Dionysiou, Dionysios D.; Tsianou, Marina; Botsaris, Gregory D.

doi:10.1021/ie9906823

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The selection of this extractant system for the extractive crystallization process has been discussed elsewhere [DIONYSIOU 1995;TSIANOU 1995]. CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 are in general insoluble in water (0.00153g/100 ml water and 0.04 g/100 ml water at 20 °C respectively).…”

Section: Reagents and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Dionysiou

Tsianou

Botsaris

2000

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is considered as the best road deicer to replace the environmentally unacceptable NaCl and CaCl2. However, the high cost of CMA prohibits its widespread use. The present study is dealing with the investigation of a crystallization method for the production of deicing CMA crystals of desired physical properties and the elucidation of the conditions under which such a product can be formed. Extractive crystallization is promising for the low cost production of CMA crystals considering that acetic acid is produced by a biochemical method and removed from the fermentation broth in situ by organic extractant systems. In this method, this organic phase, which contains the acetate ions is contacted with an aqueous phase which is the source of calcium and magnesium ions. The extractive crystallization process resulted in the production of well‐formed, large, and non‐spherical crystals of calcium acetate (CA), magnesium acetate (MA), and calcium magnesium acetate double salt (CMADS). The crystal size was affected by the concentration of acetic acid in both the organic and aqueous phases, whereas the crystal type and hydration level were determined primarily by the acetic acid concentration in the aqueous phase. The molar ratio of the precursor salts (CaCO3/MgCO3) in the reaction mixture was found to be the major factor for determining the habit and Ca/Mg content of crystals. Crystallization of CMADS was favored at high concentrations of acetic acid in the aqueous phase and at higher temperatures as shown from supplementary evaporation‐to‐dryness experiments.

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Section: Reagents and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Dionysiou

Tsianou

Botsaris

2000

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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“…31 However, the distillation operation consumes too much energy, and thus, it is better to strip acetic acid from the acid-extractant complexes by forming calcium acetate. It is interesting to note that the acetic acid, either in the organic phase or in the aqueous phase, can be used directly in calcium extraction from the steelmaking slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Leaching of Steelmaking Slag for Indirect CO₂ Mineral Sequestration

Wang

Zhang

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Indirect CO 2 mineral sequestration, which could make CO 2 fixate into precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) of value-added products, is an important technology that is used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions economically. It can be conducted in two steps, one of which has been investigated in the previous paper. In this work, extraction of calcium ions from steelmaking slag using a novel leaching medium, which involves organic solvent tributyl phosphate (TBP), acetic acid, and ultrapure water, was studied. Several operating variables, including stirring speed, phase-volume ratio, organic solvent-to-solid ratio, initial acetic acid concentration, acid-to-slag ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time were investigated. It was found that the leaching process could be divided into three regions according to the acid-to-slag ratio. The first region below 0.5 g/g was characterized by the acid-to-solid ratio; the second region above 0.5 g/g but below 1.0 g/g was characterized by the acid-to-solid ratio; and the third region above 1.0 g/g was characterized by the acid-to-solid ratio. When the acid-to-solid ratio was below 1.0 g/g, only Ca and Mg could be leached with the maximum leached ratios of 75% and 35%, respectively. Moreover, the leaching behaviors of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and Si were greatly affected by reaction temperature and reaction time. Results show that the calcium ions can be effectively and selectively extracted from the steelmaking slag and that the reaction medium can be recovered and recycled with high efficiency. These are the keys to indirect CO 2 mineral sequestration.

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“…-Type 4 systems, including inorganic salts, are frequently used for favouring the unequal distribution of the solute between the two liquid phases in equilibrium [30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Condensed Phase Equilibrium Regression Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

GE Models and Algorithms for Condensed Phase Equilibrium Data Regression in Ternary Systems: Limitations and Proposals

Gomis¹

2011

TOTHERJ

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Phase equilibrium data regression is an unavoidable task necessary to obtain the appropriate values for any model to be used in separation equipment design for chemical process simulation and optimization. The accuracy of this process depends on different factors such as the experimental data quality, the selected model and the calculation algorithm. The present paper summarizes the results and conclusions achieved in our research on the capabilities and limitations of the existing G E models and about strategies that can be included in the correlation algorithms to improve the convergence and avoid inconsistencies. The NRTL model has been selected as a representative local composition model. New capabilities of this model, but also several relevant limitations, have been identified and some examples of the application of a modified NRTL equation have been discussed. Furthermore, a regression algorithm has been developed that allows for the advisable simultaneous regression of all the condensed phase equilibrium regions that are present in ternary systems at constant T and P. It includes specific strategies designed to avoid some of the pitfalls frequently found in commercial regression tools for phase equilibrium calculations. Most of the proposed strategies are based on the geometrical interpretation of the lowest common tangent plane equilibrium criterion, which allows an unambiguous comprehension of the behavior of the mixtures. The paper aims to show all the work as a whole in order to reveal the necessary efforts that must be devoted to overcome the difficulties that still exist in the phase equilibrium data regression problem.

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Extractive Crystallization for the Production of Calcium Acetate and Magnesium Acetate from Carbonate Sources

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Selective Leaching of Steelmaking Slag for Indirect CO₂ Mineral Sequestration

GE Models and Algorithms for Condensed Phase Equilibrium Data Regression in Ternary Systems: Limitations and Proposals

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Extractive Crystallization for the Production of Calcium Acetate and Magnesium Acetate from Carbonate Sources

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Investigation of the Conditions for the Production of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Road Deicer in an Extractive Crystallization Process

Selective Leaching of Steelmaking Slag for Indirect CO2 Mineral Sequestration

GE Models and Algorithms for Condensed Phase Equilibrium Data Regression in Ternary Systems: Limitations and Proposals

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Product

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Selective Leaching of Steelmaking Slag for Indirect CO₂ Mineral Sequestration