Extractivist policies hurt Chile’s ecosystems

Urbina, Mauricio A.; Guerrero, Pablo; Jerez, Viviane; Lisón, Fulgencio; Luna‐Jorquera, Guillermo; Matus-Olivares, Camilo; Ortíz, Juan Carlos; Pavez, Guido; Pérez‐Álvarez, María José; Riquelme‐Bugueño, Ramiro; Santos‐Carvallo, Macarena; Sepúlveda, Maritza; Victoriano, Pedro; Gomez‐Uchida, Daniel

doi:10.1126/science.abm0157

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, efforts to harness biodiversity in horticulture (Salas, 2019) andvineyards (Díaz-Forestier et al, 2021) have also started to be explored, which highlight the growing interest of farmers for understand, apply and benefit from biodiversity-based protocols within their farming systems. Nevertheless, Chilean policies related to the use of natural resources are mainly conceived as extractive activities that diminish biodiversity (Urbina et al, 2021), in which conventional agricultural systems heavily rely on monocultures and agrochemicals, partly contributing to the degradation of natural ecosystems, and thereby, affecting human wellbeing. Despite that, the theoretical approach proposed by González-Chang et al (2020) can contribute to the creation and dissemination of agroecological protocols by guiding through the necessary steps involved in socio-ecological transformations at farm and landscape scales, a responsible governance is also needed for complement, support, articulate and spread the findings arising from this approach, efficiently.…”

Section: Adapting Agroecological Protocols Through Experimentation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through understanding the importance and role of native and functional biodiversity in agroecosystems, and the associated ecosystem services it regulates, maintains, and supports, Chilean agriculture can advance to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations related to zero hunger, good health and wellbeing, climate action, life on land and below water. In addition, Chile has today the chance to move forward to a greener and sustainable economy as elected constituents create a new constitution (Urbina et al, 2021). Thus, environmental integrity should be placed at the center of economic growth, encouraging the design of sustainable and biodiversity-rich agroecosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services.…”

Section: Adapting Agroecological Protocols Through Experimentation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aumentar la biodiversidad en predios chilenos requiere de protocolos agroecológicos adaptados localmente

González-Chang¹,

Faulkner²,

Shields³

et al. 2022

Agro sur

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In the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the concept of sustainable development, understood as the balance between economic, social, and environmental factors interacting in space and time, was recognized by representatives from 179 countries as vital to sustain human life without compromising the planet (United Nations, 1992). Nowadays, as humanity faces unseen anthropogenic problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss (IPCC, 2021), the concept of sustainable development has been recently highlighted by United Nations through the creation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals, aiming at improving environmental and human well-being globally (United Nations, 2015).

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Section: Adapting Agroecological Protocols Through Experimentation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adapting Agroecological Protocols Through Experimentation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aumentar la biodiversidad en predios chilenos requiere de protocolos agroecológicos adaptados localmente

González-Chang¹,

Faulkner²,

Shields³

et al. 2022

Agro sur

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“…The project involves the construction of an iron and copper mine and a port in La Higuera (northern Chile). This mining-port project would be close to a marine reserve of key importance for the conservation of its great biodiversity [165]. Almost 80% of the world's population of Humboldt penguins, a species declared vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), is found in this reserve [166].…”

Section: Centralization In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Social-Environmental Conflicts in Chile: Is There Any Potential for an Ecological Constitution?

et al. 2021

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Social unrest is on the rise worldwide amid deepening inequalities, environmental degradation, and job crises worsened by increasing social-environmental conflicts. In Chile, a social revolt in 2019 resulted in a national referendum in 2020. An ample majority (78.3% vs. 21.7%) voted to draft a new constitution to replace the current constitution drawn up under dictatorship. The result led to the emergence and empowerment of several organizations demanding an “ecological constitution”. In this context, we aim to analyze: (1) the main social-environmental conflicts in Chile and how they are related to the country’s current constitution, and (2) the potential drafting of an ecological constitution that addresses these conflicts. Across different industries in Chile, we observed common problems that are intrinsically related to the current constitution. This relationship seems to be perceived by Chilean citizens since a survey carried out in May 2021 found 79% support for an ecological constitution. Moreover, 105 of the 155 delegates to the constitutional convention proposed three or more environmental principles to be included in the new constitution. A potential ecological constitution entails principles that would improve the current situation of social-environmental conflicts in Chile. Based on our analysis, we recommend the establishment of watershed-based “territorial rights” in the new Chilean constitution to improve sustainability and environmental justice.

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“…The Mediterranean area in Central Chile is recognized by the high number of endemic species, many of which are heavily threatened [ 4 , 5 ]. Since the Chilean economy has long depended on its natural capital for economic development, there has been a severe impact on even its most biodiverse ecosystems, from agriculture, to housing, mining and deforestation [ 6 ]. Although knowledge of the biodiversity of Central Chile has increased in recent decades, there are still important gaps, especially in non-charismatic animal groups and non-woody plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Evolutionary Lineages in a Globular Cactus Species Complex Reveals Hidden Diversity in a Central Chile Biodiversity Hotspot

Villalobos-Barrantes

Meriño

Walter³

et al. 2022

Genes

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Unraveling the processes involved in the origin of a substantial fraction of biodiversity can be a particularly difficult task in groups of similar, and often convergent, morphologies. The genus Eriosyce (Cactaceae) might present a greater specific diversity since much of its species richness might be hidden in morphological species complexes. The aim of this study was to investigate species delimitation using the molecular data of the globose cacti “E. curvispina”, which harbor several populations of unclear evolutionary relationships. We ran phylogenetic inferences on 87 taxa of Eriosyce, including nine E. curvispina populations, and by analyzing three plastid noncoding introns, one plastid and one nuclear gene. Additionally, we developed 12 new pairs of nuclear microsatellites to evaluate the population-level genetic structure. We identified four groups that originated in independent cladogenetic events occurring at different temporal depths; these groups presented high genetic diversity, and their populations were genetically structured. These results suggest a complex evolutionary history in the origin of globular cacti, with independent speciation events occurring at different time spans. This cryptic richness is underestimated in the Mediterranean flora of central Chile, and thus unique evolutionary diversity could be overlooked in conservation and management actions.

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Extractivist policies hurt Chile’s ecosystems

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Aumentar la biodiversidad en predios chilenos requiere de protocolos agroecológicos adaptados localmente

Aumentar la biodiversidad en predios chilenos requiere de protocolos agroecológicos adaptados localmente

Social-Environmental Conflicts in Chile: Is There Any Potential for an Ecological Constitution?

Independent Evolutionary Lineages in a Globular Cactus Species Complex Reveals Hidden Diversity in a Central Chile Biodiversity Hotspot

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