Extrafloral nectaries and plant–insect interactions in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Silva, Eduardo Oliveira; Feio, Ana Carla; Cardoso‐Gustavson, Poliana; Milward‐de-Azevedo, Michaele Alvim; Santos, João Ubiratan Moreira dos; Aguiar-Dias, Ana Cristina Andrade de

doi:10.1007/s40415-016-0329-0

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Among species that show glands defined as EFN and verified through chemical tests for the presence of total carbohydrates [ 17 , 28 – 30 ], most of them have glands that fit exclusively into the pattern I, as described in the present work. Since this morphological type is representative of EFN in Passiflora , we can denominate such pattern I glands as elevated nectaries ("Hochnektarien") according to the classification of Zimmermann [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Still, Silva et al . [ 28 ] reported the occurrence of ocellus EFN on abaxial surface of leaf blade in at least one species of the subgenus Passiflora , P . glandulosa Cav.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In describing the structure of EFN in Passiflora species, other authors, such as Durkee [ 17 ] and Silva et al . [ 28 ], have already classified these glands as elevated nectaries. Analyzing the EFN in Piriqueta and Turnera (genera currently within Passifloraceae) Gonzales & Ocantos [ 31 ] classified most of the nectaries as elevated ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Durkee [ 17 ] mentioned the nectaries of the abaxial surface as embedded in the surface of the organ, a category included by Elias [ 11 ] to Zimmermann [ 16 ] classification, whereas Silva et al . [ 28 ] classified the nectaries on abaxial surface of leaf blade as pit nectaries according to the Zimmermann [ 16 ] classification. Gonzales & Ocantos [ 31 ] also placed the EFN of Piriquetta Aubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nomenclature of the different glandular shapes varies among authors. The description of the glands for some species is often mentioned only as sessile or stipitate, or as concave or convex [ 5 , 10 , 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A structural review of foliar glands in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Lemos¹,

Silva²,

Melo-de-Pinna³

2017

PLoS ONE

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Extrafloral glands in Passifloraceae species have aroused the interest of many researchers because of their wide morphological diversity. The present work analyzed the foliar glands on 34 species of Passiflora from samples containing glands in the petiole and foliar blade fixed in 50% solution of formaldehyde-ethanol-acetic acid and stored in a 70% ethanol solution. For anatomical analyses, part of the material was embedded in Paraplast, longitudinally sectioned and double stained with safranin and astra blue. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was also carried out. To analyze the presence of sugars in the secretion of foliar glands, a glucose strip test was used. Based on the results of morphological, anatomical and glucose strip tests, the foliar secretory glands in Passiflora can be grouped into two categories: Type I glands, defined as nectaries, can be elevated or flattened, and can have a sugar content high enough to be detected by the glucose strip test analysis. Type II glands are elevated and did not show a positive reaction to the glucose strip test. From an anatomical viewpoint, glands characterized as extrafloral nectaries show a multistratified secretory epidermis, typically followed by two flat layers of nectariferous parenchyma with dense content. Internal to these layers, vascular bundles are immersed in the subsecretory parenchyma and terminate in phloem cells. On the other hand, type II glands show a single layer of elongated secretory epidermal cells. Internal to this single layer, parenchyma and vascular tissue with both phloem and xylem elements can be observed. The analyzed species show a wide diversity of gland shape and distribution, and the combined analysis of morphology, anatomy and preliminary tests for the presence of glucose in the exudate in different Passiflora subgenera suggests the occurrence of two categories of glands: nectaries and resin glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Still, Silva et al . [ 28 ] reported the occurrence of ocellus EFN on abaxial surface of leaf blade in at least one species of the subgenus Passiflora , P . glandulosa Cav.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A structural review of foliar glands in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Lemos¹,

Silva²,

Melo-de-Pinna³

2017

PLoS ONE

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Morphological and anatomical traits during development: Highlighting extrafloral nectaries in Passiflora organensis

Moraes

Rossi

Martinelli

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Passiflora organensis is a small herbaceous vine with characteristic morphological variations throughout its development. The plant bears button-shaped extrafloral nectaries exclusively in adult leaves. Extrafloral nectaries are structures that secrete nectar and play an important role in plant-animal interactions as a strategy for protecting plants against herbivory. In this work, we performed anatomical and ultrastructural studies to characterize P. organensis extrafloral nectaries during their secretory phase.We showed extrafloral nectaries in Passiflora organensis are composed of three distinct regions: nectary epidermis, nectariferous parenchyma, and subnectariferous parenchyma. Our data suggests that all nectary regions constitute a functional unit involved in nectar production and release. The high metabolic activity in the nectary cells is characterized by the juxtaposition of organelles such as mitochondria and plastids together plasmalemma. In addition, calcium oxalate crystals are frequently associated to the nectaries. An increasing concentration of calcium during leaf development and nectary differentiation was observed, corresponding to the calcium deposition as calcium oxalate crystals. This is the first description of extrafloral nectaries in Passiflora organensis that is a promising tropical model species for several studies. Research HighlightsThe anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the nectary tissue suggest novel strategies against herbivory in the genus Passiflora.

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Extrafloral nectaries of four varieties of Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae): anatomy, chemical nature, mechanisms of nectar secretion, and elimination

et al. 2018

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Considering the importance of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in Fabaceae, the objectives of this research were to analyze (1) the anatomical and histochemical characteristics of the EFNs of Chamaecrista ramosa var. ramosa, C. ramosa var. curvifoliola, C. ramosa var. parvifoliola, and C. ramosa var. lucida and (2) the ultrastructure of the EFNs of C. ramosa var. ramosa. Standard techniques in plant anatomy and transmission electron microscopy were used. The anatomical analyses confirmed the characteristics described for extrafloral nectaries, evidencing three well-defined regions: epidermis, nectariferous, and subnectariferous parenchymas. Carbohydrates, proteins, pectins/mucilages, and lipids were detected by histochemical analyzes in all varieties. The ultrastructure of the EFNs of C. ramosa var. ramosa allowed the observation of microchannels at the external periclinal cell walls of the epidermis covering the secretory region. The nectariferous and subnectariferous parenchyma cells have periplasmic spaces, large plastids containing starch grains and plastoglobules, mitochondria, developed endoplasmic reticulum, large vacuoles with electron-dense contents, and membrane residues may be associated with the vacuole, suggesting the occurrence of autophagic processes. The anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural patterns revealed characteristics that confirm the glands of C. ramosa as extrafloral nectaries and suggest the eccrine mechanism of secretion.

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Extrafloral nectaries and plant–insect interactions in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

A structural review of foliar glands in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

A structural review of foliar glands in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Morphological and anatomical traits during development: Highlighting extrafloral nectaries in Passiflora organensis

Extrafloral nectaries of four varieties of Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae): anatomy, chemical nature, mechanisms of nectar secretion, and elimination

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