Extragonadal teratomas in women and adolescent girls: A systematic review

Kanneganti, Abhiram; Bhadiraju, Poornima; Tong, Pearl

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.005

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Human germ cell tumors have been classed into seven GCT types, from type 0 to type VI, based on their developmental potential. 268 Extragonadal GCTs are involved in a wide range of organs, for example, brain, head/neck, heart/mediastinum, lung, thymus, sacrococcygeal region, abdomen, retroperitoneum, vagina, and placenta, which are also sites of germ cell tumors 266 , 268 , 269 (Fig. 4 ).…”

Section: Precursors For the Gametes: Human Primordial Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.

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Section: Precursors For the Gametes: Human Primordial Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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“…In rare cases, the tumors may be completely detached from their pedicle, leading to parasitic dermoid cysts (5). Auto amputation is considered the most common cause of omentum EGT and Douglas' pouch and sacral ligament EGT, and 70% of upper abdominal EGT may be caused by the displacement of primordial germ cells (6). It seemed to be more frequently seen on the right side, which is likely due to the colon sigmoideum preventing left-sided torsion (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mature cystic extragonadal teratoma in Douglas’ pouch: Case report and literature review

Yang

Zhao²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Teratomas often occur in the gonads, while Extragonadal mature cystic teratomas are reported occasionally, with the most common site being the omentum. Teratoma in the Douglas sac is extremely rare. we report a rare case of mature cystic Teratoma in the Douglas sac in a 71-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic surgery. A cyst with a diameter of approximately 6 cm from Douglas was found during surgery, and the mass was separated from both ovaries. Microscopically, the cyst was a mature cystic teratoma that did not originate from the ovary.

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“…In a systematic review on an extragonadal teratoma in women and adolescents, the commonest tumor markers reported were CA-125, CA-199, CEA, and AFP with raised results seen in 19.2%, 20.0%, 25.0%, and 23.1%, respectively. 9 It is important to note that while the presence of ovarian stroma within the extragonadal dermoid cyst can be considered an important feature, ovarian tissue was not reported to be seen in 41.9 % of cases and its absence, however, does not preclude this mechanism of formation of parasitic dermoid cyst. 9 Following an accurate diagnosis, treatment is mainly surgical with the aim of removing the tumor to relieve any mass effects and to histologically exclude immature or malignant components.…”

Section: Lab Investigationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…9 Following an accurate diagnosis, treatment is mainly surgical with the aim of removing the tumor to relieve any mass effects and to histologically exclude immature or malignant components. 9 Conventional laparoscopic surgery or laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) are shown to be safe and feasible even in large teratomas. 12 However, laparotomic procedures are often preferred for such large tumors in settings with limited resources like ours.…”

Section: Lab Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%