Extramedullary Spinal Cysts in Dogs

Abstract

Extramedullary spinal cysts should be first classified according to location with a sub-classification according to pathologic and surgical findings. Previous canine cases of discal cysts appear to represent a different disease entity and the term acute compressive HNPE is therefore preferred.

Detection of compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs with multislice computed tomography

“…In general, the outcome of HNPE is favourable, despite severe neurological deficits at presentation (Konar et al, 2008;Kamishina et al, 2010;Beltran et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2014;Lowrie et al, 2014;Dolera et al, 2015;Manunta et al, 2015). In our study, 11/12 dogs had a successful outcome; the dog that was euthanised had tetraplegia and respiratory dysfunction at presentation, and underwent surgical intervention, but there was a lack of improvement 3 days after surgery, despite mechanical ventilation.…”

“…HNPE affects chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds of dogs and the median age at diagnosis is 9 years (Konar et al, 2008;Kamishina et al, 2010;Beltran et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2014;Lowrie et al, 2014;Manunta et al, 2015). Canine HNPE most commonly affects cervical disc spaces C3-C4 and C4-C5 (Konar et al, 2008;Kamishina et al, 2010;Beltran et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2014;Lowrie et al, 2014;Dolera et al, 2015;Manunta et al, 2015). Dogs with HNPE most often are presented with acute (<24 h) symmetrical nonambulatory tetraparesis or tetraplegia and often with less apparent pain than with other cervical myelopathies (Hamilton et al, 2014).…”

“…Compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE; Beltran et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2014;Lowrie et al, 2014;Dolera et al, 2015;Manunta et al, 2015), previously referred to as discal cyst or ventral intraspinal cyst (Konar et al, 2008;Kamishina et al, 2010), is an atypical type of disc extrusion in dogs. HNPE affects chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds of dogs and the median age at diagnosis is 9 years (Konar et al, 2008;Kamishina et al, 2010;Beltran et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2014;Lowrie et al, 2014;Manunta et al, 2015).…”

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

“…Spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) is a fluid accumulation in the subarachnoid space causing signs of neurological dysfunction such as paresis, spinal ataxia, urinary and fecal incontinence because of a secondary compressive myelopathy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It occurs in humans and companion animals, including dogs and cats. 2,[7][8][9] In dogs, SAD occurs in cervical and thoracolumbar areas.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It occurs in humans and companion animals, including dogs and cats. 2,[7][8][9] In dogs, SAD occurs in cervical and thoracolumbar areas. 2,3,7,10,11 Common breeds affected by SAD in the cervical area include Pugs, Rottweilers, and Labrador Retrievers, 3,7,10 whereas in the thoracolumbar area Pugs, French bulldogs, and West Highland white terriers seem to be more frequently affected.…”