Extraoral periapical radiography: an alternative approach to intraoral periapical radiography

Abstract

It is difficult to take intraoral radiographs in some patients who are intolerable to place the film in their mouth. For these patients, Newman and Friedman recommended a new technique of extraoral film placement. Here we report various cases that diagnostic imaging was performed in patients using the extraoral periapical technique. This technique was used to obtain the radiographs for the patients with severe gag reflex, pediatric dental patients, and patients with restricted mouth opening. This technique can be recommended as an alternative to conventional intraoral periapical technique in cases where intraoral film placement is difficult to achieve. (Imaging Sci Dent 2011; 41 : 161-5)

Diagnostic value of extraoral periapical radiograph in comparison to intraoral periapical radiograph: A cross-sectional, institutional study

“…In 2011 and 2013, Kumar et al . [ 3 4 ] demonstrated the usage of this technique in patients who were unable to tolerate the IOPA film/sensor in a variety of clinical conditions and found it be effective in obtaining diagnostically acceptable radiographs.…”

The Use of an Alternative Extraoral Periapical Technique for Patients with Severe Gag Reflex

“…If none of the aforementioned techniques provides satisfactory results, the extraoral technique can be used as an alternative to achieve good quality periapical radiographs. Several studies, such as those by Newman et al [ 6 ], Chen et al [ 14 ], Saberi et al [ 7 ], and Kumar et al [ 15 ], have demonstrated the efficacy of the extraoral technique and its variations for both the upper and lower molars. This technique does not aim to replace the traditional intraoral technique; however, it can be used for specific cases of patients presenting with severe gag reflex and/or with limitation of opening the mouth [ 6 , 7 , 14 ].…”

Teknik modifikasi ekstraoral radiografi Newman dan Friedman sebagai alternatif radiografi intraoral periapikal pada masa pandemi COVID-19

“…Namun, kelemahan dari teknik ini adalah prosedur menjadi teknik yang sensitif, resolusi gambar yang sedikit lebih rendah, dan ketidakmampuan untuk mendapatkan radiografi gigi anterior 10 serta untuk mendapatkan radiografi ekstraoral yang tepat selama perawatan endodontik sulit karena jarak yang jauh antara sumber x-ray dan reseptor dan oleh karena itu kadang harus dilakukan pemaparan beberapa kali ke pasien. 11 Dengan kemajuan terbaru dalam radiologi gigi, berbagai teknik seperti radiografi panoramik tersedia untuk pasien namun teknik modifikasi ekstraoral radiografi Newman dan Friedman dapat direkomendasikan di klinik gigi tanpa radiografi panoramik dan pada masa pandemik COVID-19.…”