Extraordinary <scp>MHC</scp> class <scp>II</scp> B diversity in a non‐passerine, wild bird: the Eurasian Coot <i>Fulica atra</i> (Aves: Rallidae)

Alcaide, Miguel; Muñoz, Joaquín; Puente, Josué Martínez de la; Soriguer, Ramón C.; Figuerola, Jordi

doi:10.1002/ece3.974

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Similar discrepancies occur with other species, including the Eurasian Coot ( Fulica atra ; Alcaide et al. ), the Japanese Black Bear ( Ursus thibetanus ; Yasukochi et al. ), and the Grey Partridge ( Perdix perdix ; Promerova et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex variation in an endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)

Jaeger

Duvall

Swanson

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Genetic diversity is fundamental to maintaining the long‐term viability of populations, yet reduced genetic variation is often associated with small, isolated populations. To examine the relationship between demography and genetic variation, variation at hypervariable loci (e.g., microsatellite DNA loci) is often measured. However, these loci are selectively neutral (or near neutral) and may not accurately reflect genomewide variation. Variation at functional trait loci, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), can provide a better assessment of adaptive genetic variation in fragmented populations. We compared patterns of microsatellite and MHC variation across three Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) populations representing a gradient of demographic histories to assess the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift. Using 454 deep amplicon sequencing, we identified 24 putatively functional MHC IIB exon 2 alleles belonging to a minimum of six loci. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates provided evidence of historical positive selection at the nucleotide level, and Tajima's D provided support for balancing selection in each population. As predicted, estimates of microsatellite allelic richness, observed, heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity varied among populations in a pattern qualitatively consistent with demographic history and abundance. While MHC allelic richness at the population and individual levels revealed similar trends, MHC nucleotide diversity was unexpectedly high in the smallest population. Overall, these results suggest that genetic variation in the Eastern Massasauga populations in Illinois has been shaped by multiple evolutionary mechanisms. Thus, conservation efforts should consider both neutral and functional genetic variation when managing captive and wild Eastern Massasauga populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex variation in an endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)

Jaeger

Duvall

Swanson

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…; Alcaide et al . ). First, we sorted sequences by individual using the unique barcodes, then removed primers, adapters and barcodes, and filtered out low‐quality sequences (those with Ns, indels, or were shorter than expected length; Sommer et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Different ornaments signal male health and MHC variation in two populations of a warbler

et al. 2015

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Male traits that signal health and vigour are used by females to choose better quality mates, but in some cases the male trait selected by females differs among populations. Multiple male traits can be maintained through female mate choice if both traits are equally honest indicators of male quality, but tests of this prediction are rare. By choosing males based on such traits, females could gain direct benefits from males (assistance with parental care), but when females choose extra-pair mates based on these traits, females gain only male sperm, and potentially indirect genetic benefits for their offspring. In common yellowthroats (Geothylpis trichas), female choice of extra-pair mates targets two different plumage ornaments: the black mask in a Wisconsin population and the yellow bib in a New York population. Previously, we found that the black mask in Wisconsin is related to greater major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II variation, which in turn signals better survival and disease resistance. In this study, we examined the signalling function of the yellow bib in New York to test whether it signals the same aspects of male quality as the black mask in Wisconsin. As predicted, we found that the yellow bib in New York is most closely associated with MHC variation, which also signals survival and resistance to blood parasites. Thus, the ornament preferred by females differs between the two populations, but the different ornaments signal similar aspects of male health and genetic quality, specifically information regarding MHC variation and potential indirect genetic benefits to females.

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“…exclusively on these regions (for example, Kruiswijk et al, 2005;Schaschl et al, 2006;Cutrera and Lacey, 2007;Alcaide et al, 2013Alcaide et al, ,2014. For MHC class I, we used primers 1a2inExon3F and 1a2Raltintron2 originally developed for the greater prairie chicken (Bateson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Amplification and 454 Pyrosequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—effects of selection and gene conversion

et al. 2016

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Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode receptor molecules that are responsible for recognition of intracellular and extracellular pathogens (class I and class II genes, respectively) in vertebrates. Given the different roles of class I and II MHC genes, one might expect the strength of selection to differ between these two classes. Different selective pressures may also promote different rates of gene conversion at each class. Despite these predictions, surprisingly few studies have looked at differences between class I and II genes in terms of both selection and gene conversion. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I and II genes in five closely related species of prairie grouse (Centrocercus and Tympanuchus) that possess one class I and two class II loci. We found striking differences in the strength of balancing selection acting on MHC class I versus class II genes. More than half of the putative antigen-binding sites (ABS) of class II were under positive or episodic diversifying selection, compared with only 10% at class I. We also found that gene conversion had a stronger role in shaping the evolution of MHC class II than class I. Overall, the combination of strong positive (balancing) selection and frequent gene conversion has maintained higher diversity of MHC class II than class I in prairie grouse. This is one of the first studies clearly demonstrating that macroevolutionary mechanisms can act differently on genes involved in the immune response against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.

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Extraordinary MHC class II B diversity in a non‐passerine, wild bird: the Eurasian Coot Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae)

Cited by 54 publications

References 73 publications

Microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex variation in an endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)

Microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex variation in an endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)

Different ornaments signal male health and MHC variation in two populations of a warbler

Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—effects of selection and gene conversion

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