Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series

Wiener, Norbert

doi:10.7551/mitpress/2946.001.0001

Cited by 3,645 publications

(1,497 citation statements)

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“…For each syllable production, reaction time, utterance duration, and error rate were calculated following the removal of noise associated with the scanner bore echo and peripheral equipment using a Wiener filter (Wiener, 1949). Raters were blind to the condition (learned or novel) of the illegal syllables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Correlates of Speech Motor Sequence Learning

Segawa¹,

Tourville²,

Beal

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Speech is perhaps the most sophisticated example of a species-wide movement capability in the animal kingdom, requiring split-second sequencing of approximately 100 muscles in the respiratory, laryngeal, and oral movement systems. Despite the unique role speech plays in human interaction and the debilitating impact of its disruption, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying speech motor learning. Here, we studied the behavioral and neural correlates of learning new speech motor sequences. Subjects repeatedly produced novel, meaningless syllables comprising illegal consonant clusters (e.g. GVAZF) over two days of practice. Following practice, subjects produced the sequences with fewer errors and shorter durations, indicative of motor learning. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared brain activity during production of the learned illegal sequences and novel illegal sequences. Greater activity was noted during production of novel sequences in brain regions linked to non-speech motor sequence learning, including the basal ganglia and pre-supplementary motor area. Activity during novel sequence production was also greater in brain regions associated with learning and maintaining speech motor programs, including lateral premotor cortex, frontal operculum, and posterior superior temporal cortex. Measures of learning success correlated positively with activity in left frontal operculum and white matter integrity under left posterior superior temporal sulcus. These findings indicate speech motor sequence learning relies not only on brain areas involved generally in motor sequencing learning but also those associated with feedback-based speech motor learning. Furthermore, learning success is modulated by the integrity of structural connectivity between these motor and sensory brain regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Correlates of Speech Motor Sequence Learning

Segawa¹,

Tourville²,

Beal

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…The image acquisition software, based on the Intel Integrated Performance Primitives (IPP) library, functions in two discrete steps during the swept-frequency mode: frame-by-frame image background analysis and object motion detection and quantification of the specific agglutination process. Upon initiation of the swept frequency mode, a training sequence of images is obtained and each RGB color image within the sequence is converted to 8-bit grayscale and a restorative Wiener filter is then applied to minimize the effect of noise (Wiener, 1964). A discrete background image is created from the processed image sequence through the use of a weighted running average algorithm (weighting factor=0.5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid ultrasound particle agglutination method for HIV antibody detection: Comparison with conventional rapid HIV tests

Bystryak

Ossina

2017

Journal of Virological Methods

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We present the results of the feasibility and preliminary studies on analytical performance of a rapid test for detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in human serum or plasma that is an important advance in detecting HIV infection. Current methods for rapid testing of antibodies against HIV are qualitative and exhibit poor sensitivity (limit of detection). In this paper, we describe an ultrasound particle agglutination (UPA) method that leads to a significant increase of the sensitivity of conventional latex agglutination tests for HIV antibody detection in human serum or plasma. The UPA method is based on the use of: 1) a dual mode ultrasound, wherein a first single-frequency mode is used to accelerate the latex agglutination process, and then a second swept-frequency mode of sonication is used to disintegrate non-specifically bound aggregates; and 2) a numerical assessment of results of the agglutination process. The numerical assessment is carried out by optical detection and analysis of moving patterns in the resonator cell during the swept-frequency mode. The single-step UPA method is rapid and more sensitive than the three commercial rapid HIV test kits analyzed in the study: analytical sensitivity of the new UPA method was found to be 510-, 115-, and 80-fold higher than that for Capillus™, Multispot™ and Uni-Gold™ Recombigen HIV antibody rapid test kits, respectively. The newly developed UPA method opens up additional possibilities for detection of a number of clinically significant markers in point-of-care settings.

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“…From these derivatives the density function w f ( y ) may be directly computed from the random variable f ( t ), [8] which then facilitates calculation of the quantities typically discussed in statistical signal processing, e.g., mean values, variances, covariances. [20–22] However, in typical statistical signal processing computations, the density function is usually assumed to be continuous, infinitely differentiable, and to approach zero at infinity. In our case w f ( y ) is not well-behaved and has integrable singularities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of smoothing splines for analysis of backscattered ultrasonic waveforms: Application to monitoring of steroid treatment of dystrophic mice

Hughes

Marsh

Agyem

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal and cardiac muscle; boys present with weakness by the age of 5 years and, if left untreated, are unable to walk without assistance by age 10 years. Therapy for DMD has been primarily palliative, with oral steroids are emerging as a first-line approach even though this treatment has serious side-effects. Consequently, low-cost imaging technology suitable for improved diagnosis and treatment monitoring of DMD would be of great value, especially in remote and underserved areas. Previously, we reported use of the logarithm of the signal energy, log[Ef], and a new method for ultrasound signal characterization using entropy, Hf, to monitor prednisolone treatment of skeletal muscle in a dystrophin-deficient mouse model. Three groups were studied: mdx mice treated with prednisolone, a control group of mdx mice treated with saline, and a control group of wild-type mice treated with saline. It was found that both log[Ef] and Hf were required to statistically differentiate the three groups. In the current study we show that preprocessing of the raw ultrasound using optimal smoothing splines prior to computation of either log[Ef] or a rapidly computable variant of Hf, denoted If,∞, permits delineation of all three groups by either metric alone. This opens the way for the ultimate aim of this study, which is identification and implementation of new diagnostically sensitive algorithms on the new generation of low-cost hand-held clinical ultrasonic imaging systems.

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Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series

Cited by 3,645 publications

References 0 publications

The Neural Correlates of Speech Motor Sequence Learning

The Neural Correlates of Speech Motor Sequence Learning

A rapid ultrasound particle agglutination method for HIV antibody detection: Comparison with conventional rapid HIV tests

Use of smoothing splines for analysis of backscattered ultrasonic waveforms: Application to monitoring of steroid treatment of dystrophic mice

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