Extraprostatic localization of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen: Distribution in cloacogenic glandular epithelium and sex-dependent expression in human anal grand

Kamoshida, Shingo; Tsutsumi, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/0046-8177(90)90146-v

Cited by 120 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Concern regarding the use of sensitive assays in this way is the potential lack of specificity in diagnosing prostate cancer recurrence. This anxiety relates to the fact that extraprostatic sources of PSA production are known to exist (Kamoshida and Tsutsumi, 1990;. Nevertheless, this is a very small contribution to serum PSA (Oesterling et al, 1996) and is believed not to complicate the interpretation of monitoring since these sources contribute a stable amount of PSA in the serum, which does not change with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undetectable ultrasensitive PSA after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer predicts relapse-free survival

et al. 2000

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Radical retropubic prostatectomy is considered by many centres to be the treatment of choice for men aged less than 70 years with localized prostate cancer. A rise in serum prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy occurs in 10-40% of cases. This study evaluates the usefulness of novel ultrasensitive PSA assays in the early detection of biochemical relapse. 200 patients of mean age 61. 2 years underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Levels < or = 0.01 ng ml-1 were considered undetectable. Mean pre-operative prostate-specific antigen was 13.3 ng ml-1. Biochemical relapse was defined as 3 consecutive rises. The 2-year biochemical disease-free survival for the 134 patients with evaluable prostate-specific antigen nadir data was 61.1% (95% CI: 51.6-70.6%). Only 2 patients with an undetectable prostate-specific antigen after radical retropubic prostatectomy biochemically relapsed (3%), compared to 47 relapses out of 61 patients (75%) who did not reach this level. Cox multivariate analysis confirms prostate-specific antigen nadir < or = 0.01 ng ml-1 to be a superb independent variable predicting a favourable biochemical disease-free survival (P < 0.0001). Early diagnosis of biochemical relapse is feasible with sensitive prostate-specific antigen assays. These assays more accurately measure the prostate-specific antigen nadir, which is an excellent predictor of biochemical disease-free survival. Thus, sensitive prostate-specific antigen assays offer accurate prognostic information and expedite decision-making regarding the use of salvage prostate-bed radiotherapy or hormone therapy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undetectable ultrasensitive PSA after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer predicts relapse-free survival

et al. 2000

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“…In contrast to other studies (14), prostate-specific antigen was present at detectable levels in serum from females. This is not surprising, since prostate-specific antigen has been detected histochemically in urethral glands from both sexes (15).…”

Section: Establishment Of Reference Rangesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Establishment and Evaluation of Luminescent-Labelled Immunometric Assays for Prostate-Speciflc Antigen-α1-Antichymotrypsin Complexes in Serum

Wood¹,

Sloot²,

Böhle³

1991

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Summary:Prostate-specific antigen is found in the prostate in two forms, one with a low (30 000) and one with a high (100000) relative molecular mass. The latter has recently been found to be a complex of prostatespecific antigen with aj-antichymotrypsin.Immunoluminometric assays were designed for the prostate-specific antigen-ocj-antichymotrypsin complex äs well äs for (Xi-antichymotrypsin, the former being compared with a commercially available radioimmunoassay for prostate-specific antigen (ProsChek RIA -Yang Laboratories).The precision of the immunoluminometric assays was acceptable (intra-assay Variation < 7%; inter-assay Variation < 8.5%) in the measuring ranges 0-90 g/l for the prostate-specific antigen-a r antichymotrypsin complex and 0-12 g/l for a r antichymotrypsin.The correlation between the assays for prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen-aj-antichymotrypsin complex was acceptable, showing a correlation coefficient r = 0.83 after double logarithmic transformation, or r = 0.85 using the Spearman rank correlation on 131 data pairs.Extremely high arantichymotrypsin levels (above 2 g/l) caused interference in the prostate-specific antigena r antichymötrypsin complex assay. Such levels, although rare, are encountered in pulmonary inflammatory disease. The reference ranges for the three assays were found to be äs follows: prostate-specific antigen 0.13-4.63 g/l, prostate-specific antigeii-ai-antichymotrypsin complex 0.08 -1.78 g/l, and for ai-antichymotrypsin 0.27-0.61 g/l. These values were obtained from 82 höspitalised males fpr the first two assays and from 80 males and females free from infection fpf the latter. % Purified prostate-specific antigen (M r 30000) does not react in the prostate-specific antigen-arantichymotrypsin complex as$ay; a concentration of 200 /1 generates a signal whieh is less than that from the first Standard (0.04 g/l).In three cases of metästatic cancer of the prostate, discrepancies were found in the values from the prostatespecific antigen assay (8.56, 30.0 and 107 g/l) and the prostate-specific antigen-a r antichymotrypsin complex assay (0.78, 3.72 and 1,24 jig/1). This may indieate the production of an altered prostate-specific antigen, which was unable to complex with a r antichymotrypsin.The new assay is not suitable äs a screening assay for prostatic cancer, but it may be of interest for detecting metästatic disease.

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“…In contrast, several studies failed to observe PAP staining in normal tissues, including bladder, breast, colon/rectum, epidermis, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, salivary glands, stomach, testes, and urethra [11,12,15,16]. Using qPCR to measure relative levels of PAP mRNA transcripts, Cunha and colleagues [14] found that, relative to prostate, PAP mRNA was expressed at low levels in several normal tissues, most notably in placenta, kidney, and testis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies have generally confirmed that the preponderance of PAP expression is in the prostate, though several studies have noted some extra-prostatic expression. PAP expression has been reported in liver cells, normal adult kidney [11,15]; granulocytes, parietal cells of the stomach [15]; urethral glands [16,17]; anal gland non-mucosal epithelium, rectal tissue [16]; salivary glands [18]; and ectopic prostate tissue in both uterine cervix and vagina [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic acid phosphatase expression in human tissues

Graddis

McMahan

Tamman³

et al. 2010

Clinical Cancer Research

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Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. Autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer seeks to induce tumorspecific immunity in the patient and is consequently dependent on a suitable target antigen and effective presentation of that antigen to the patient's immune system. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been tested as a target antigen due to its high and apparently specific expression in the prostate. We used a variety of approaches to analyze PAP expression, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We complemented these laboratory-based techniques with an in silico analysis of reported PAP expression in human cDNA libraries. Our studies confirmed that, while PAP expression is not restricted to prostate tissues, its expression in other human tissues is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude less than that observed in the prostate. The relative specificity of PAP expression in the prostate supports its use as a target of autologous cellular immunotherapy. The approach described here, involving the use of multiple correlates of tissue-specific expression, is warranted as a prerequisite in selecting any suitable target for immunotherapy.

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Extraprostatic localization of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen: Distribution in cloacogenic glandular epithelium and sex-dependent expression in human anal grand

Cited by 120 publications

References 10 publications

Undetectable ultrasensitive PSA after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer predicts relapse-free survival

Undetectable ultrasensitive PSA after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer predicts relapse-free survival

The Establishment and Evaluation of Luminescent-Labelled Immunometric Assays for Prostate-Speciflc Antigen-α1-Antichymotrypsin Complexes in Serum

Prostatic acid phosphatase expression in human tissues

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